Abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR⁃T) cell therapy endows patients' autologous T cells with the ability to specifically recognize and kill tumor cells through gene editing technology, which has achieved remarkable results in tumor immunotherapy in recent years. With the continuous development of CAR⁃T cell therapy, its research field has gradually expanded to autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the research progress of CAR⁃T cell therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, anti⁃synthetase syndrome, and systemic sclerosis, analyzes its efficacy and safety, and investigates the potential of deep B⁃cell depletion and immune system reconstitution. Despite the fact that CAR⁃T cell therapy has shown long⁃term, drug⁃free remission in some refractory patients, it continues to face challenges in terms of production difficulty, safety and durability. Future research will focus on improving personalized treatment to promote disease management and minimize adverse effects. 

Key words: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell, Autoimmune diseases, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Biomarker