Abstract: Traditional mammalian models present certain limitations in disease research. The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) has emerged as a  promising alternative to primate experimental animals due to its genetic, anatomical, and immunological similarities to humans, as well as advantages such as small body size and low breeding costs. In the field of infectious diseases, tree shrews  are capable of mimicking various viral infections, including influenza and hepatitis, thereby providing a platform for vaccine screening and  the investigation of immunological mechanism. In neuroscience, tree shrews are utilized to develop models of Alzheimer's disease and brain injury, thereby facilitating studies on neuroprotection and regeneration. In cancer research, tree shrew enable the models of liver cancer, breast cancer, and other malignancies, offering insights into tumor mechanisms and supporting drug screening. Nonetheless, challenges persist in tree shrew modeling, including the need for modification experimental techniques, shortages of antibodies, imperfect breeding systems, and ethical constraints. This review explores the applications of tree shrews in medical research from multiple perspectives, including genetics, immunology, infectious diseases, neuroscience, and oncology.  The aim is to provide references for promoting tree shrews as key models in precision medicine and novel drug discovery across broader fields.

Key words: Tree shrew, Animal model, Biomedical