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25 June 2024, Volume 16 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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TM6SF1 affects the biological behavior of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells by inhibiting the KRAS-MEK-ERK signaling pathway  CHEN Shunqi, LIU Xinyi, ZENG Tao, LIU Mengyu, WANG Yuting, XIN Haibei, LI Yuanfeng, ZHOU Gangqiao#br# 2024, 16 (3):  261-270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.01 Abstract ( 206 )   PDF   Save Objective  To investigate the biological behavior of transmembrane 6 superfamily member 1 (TM6SF1) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and related mechanisms. Methods Tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues of 26 iCCA patients, who were admitted to Oriental Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (Shanghai, China) from August 2008 to December 2012, were collected. The expression of TM6SF1 mRNA was analyzed by RT⁃qPCR. The clinical data and tumor tissues mRNA sequencing data of iCCA patients from the FU⁃iCCA cohort were downloaded to analyze the correlation between TM6SF1 and the clinical features of iCCA patients as well as molecules related to the KRAS⁃MEK⁃ERK signaling pathway, and the pathway enrichment analysis was performed. The relationship between the expression level of TM6SF1 and the prognosis of the iCCA patients was analyzed by using Log⁃rank test base on the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. Transient transfection technology was used to construct hepatocellular⁃cholangiocarcinoma cell lines with transient knockdown or overexpress TM6SF1 in human hepatocellular⁃cholangiocarcinoma cell lines RBE and HCCC⁃9810. CCK⁃8, plate clone formation assays, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effects of TM6SF1 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of RBE and HCCC⁃9810 cells. Flowcytometry assays were used to evaluate the effects of TM6SF1 on cell cycle and apoptosis of RBE and HCCC⁃9810. Ras activity detection assays were used to detect GTP⁃RAS activity. Western blot was used to detect the expression of signaling pathway node molecules. Results Compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues, TM6SF1 mRNA expression level was significantly down⁃regulated in iCCA cancer tissues (P<0.001), and iCCA patients with TM6SF1 low expression had a higher tumor malignancy and lower overall survival and disease⁃free survival rates (all P<0.05). Knockdown of TM6SF1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of RBE and HCCC⁃9810 cells and inhibited apoptosis (all P<0.01), while overexpression of TM6SF1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of RBE and HCCC⁃9810 cells and promoted apoptosis (all P<0.05), though neither affected cell cycle. Pathway enrichment analysis based on FU⁃iCCA cohort mRNA sequencing data showed that the low expression of TM6SF1 was related to the activation of KRAS signaling pathway. Knockdown of TM6SF1  enhanced GTP⁃RAS activity and up⁃regulated the protein expression of p⁃MEK and p⁃ERK in RBE and HCCC⁃9810 cells (all P<0.001), while overexpression of TM6SF1 inhibited GTP⁃RAS activity and down⁃regulated the protein expression of p⁃MEK and p⁃ERK (all P<0.01). The expression levels of GTP⁃RAS, p⁃MEK, p⁃ERK protein were increased after treatment with the KRAS agonist KRA⁃533 in cell lines transiently overexpressing TM6SF1 (allP<0.05). Conclusions TM6SF1 may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of iCCA cells and promote apoptosis by inhibiting the KRAS⁃MEK⁃ERK signaling pathway, and the low expression of TM6SF1 is associated with the poor prognosis of iCCA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Omicron variant XBB.. spike protein on biological function of human non-small cell lung cancer cells FANG Liaoxin, KANG Xiaofeng, XUE Chunyuan, PAN Lu, CHEN Jiaxin, TANG Chuanhao, SUN Liying, XU Xiaojie, DU Yimeng 2024, 16 (3):  271-276.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.02 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the virological characteristics of human non⁃small cell lung cancer cell line H1299⁃ACE2 infected with Omicron variant XBB.1.16 spike protein (XBB.1.16⁃S) and its effect on mitochondrial damage in H1299⁃ACE2 cells. Methods The XBB.1.16⁃S gene eukaryotic expression vector (pCMV3⁃XBB.1.16⁃S plasmid) was constructed by using the parental pCMV3⁃SARS⁃CoV⁃2⁃S plasmid as a template and transfected into H1299⁃ACE2 cells, the ability of inducing syncytial formation was compared. The H1299⁃ACE2 cells were infected with SARS⁃CoV⁃2⁃S and XBB.1.16⁃S pseudoviruses after packaging with a double plasmid system, respectively. The luciferase intensity of the host cells after infection was determined. The cleavage efficiency of S protein in the cells was detected by Western blot. MitoTracker green probe was used to observe mitochondrial morphology of stained cells. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with the parental pCMV3⁃SARS⁃CoV⁃2⁃S plasmid, key amino acid mutation sites such as T19I, V83A, and G142D in the pCMV3⁃XBB.1.16⁃S plasmid were successfully mutated, and the area of the syncytium formed after transfection into H1299⁃ACE2 cells was significantly reduced (P<0.0001). Compared with those of SARS⁃CoV⁃2⁃S, the luciferase intensity, S protein cleavage efficiency and ROS level of H1299⁃ACE2 cells after being infected with XBB.1.16⁃S were decreased (all P<0.05), while mitochondrial length was longer (P<0.0001), the MMP level was increased (P<0.001). Conclusions The infectivity and mitochondrial damage ability of Omicron variant XBB.1.16⁃S on non⁃small cell lung cancer H1299⁃ACE2 cells were weakened to some extent compared with  the parental virus. This finding lays an important foundation for the study of cellular changes and treatment targets in lung cancer complicated by COVID⁃19. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Herba Houttuyniae on the biological behavior of liver cancer cells and a network pharmacology analysis LI Huadao, LIN Liqiao, LIANG Yubing, HUANG Enhao, PAN Linghui 2024, 16 (3):  277-284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.03 Abstract ( 147 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the effects of Herba Houttuyniae on the biological behavior of liver cancer cells and related potential molecular mechanisms. Methods Liver cancer cells SMMC⁃7721 and SK⁃Hep⁃1 were treated with different concentrations of Herba Houttuyniae extract. Cell viability was detected by CCK⁃8. Transwell assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion ability of the liver cancer cells. The expression of the metastatic⁃related protein MMP⁃9 was detected by cellular immunofluorescence assay. The reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels in the cells were measured by using ROS detection kit, and cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of apoptosis⁃related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Network pharmacology was employed to screen the active components of Herba Houttuyniae and to construct a protein⁃protein interaction (PPI) network to identify the therapeutic targets of Herba Houttuyniae in liver cancer. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the signaling pathways associated with the target of Herba Houttuyniae in anti⁃liver cancer. The qRT⁃PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of key targets. Results The CCK⁃8, Transwell, and cellular immunofluorescence assays indicated that Herba Houttuyniae extracts inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion abilities of SMMC⁃7721 and SK⁃Hep⁃1 cells, as well as the expression of the metastasis⁃related protein MMP⁃9 (all P<0.05). TUNEL staining, ROS detection, and Western blot results showed that Herba Houttuyniae extracts promoted apoptosis in SMMC⁃7721 and SK⁃Hep⁃1 cells, elevated intracellular ROS levels, and increased the expression of the pro⁃apoptotic protein BAX (all P<0.05). Network pharmacology predicted that Herba Houttuyniae treated liver cancer primarily by targeting TNF, AKT1, TP53, etc. involving cancer, TNF, PI3K⁃AKT and other signaling pathways. The qRT⁃PCR confirmed that Herba Houttuyniae extracts decreased the mRNA expression levels of TNF⁃α and AKT1 genes, while increased the mRNA expression level of the TP53 gene in SMMC⁃7721 and SK⁃Hep⁃1 cells (all P<0.05). Conclusions Herba Houttuyniae may inhibit the viability, migration, and invasion abilities of liver cancer cells and promote the apoptosis by regulating genes such as TNF, AKT1, and TP53. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of SH3BGRL on proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells YAN Haiqing, LAI Qinqiao, WU Liucheng, WANG Ting'an, XIA Xiang, HUANG Mingwei, QIN Yuzhou 2024, 16 (3):  285-294.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.04 Abstract ( 200 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the effects of the SH3 binding glutamic acid⁃rich protein like (SH3BGRL) on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells and its mechanism. Methods Based on TCGA, GTEx and GEO databases, the expression of SH3BGRL in gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosal epithelial tissue was analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression profiles of SH3BGRL protein in gastric cancer tissue and normal gastric mucosal epithelial tissue was obtained by HPA database. Furthermore, the expression level of SH3BGRL was divided into high and low groups based on TCGA database to analyze its effect on prognosis, immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy in gastric cancer patients. The expression of SH3BGRL protein in gastric cancer was observed by IHC staining of clinical specimens. The expression level of SH3BGRL in gastric cancer cell line and normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells GES⁃1 was detected by RT⁃qPCR. Gastric cancer cells HGC⁃27 and NCI⁃N87 were transfected with siRNA and divided into si⁃NC group (negative transfection control group) and si⁃SH3BGRL group (silent SH3BGRL group), and the successfulness of transfection was verified by RT⁃qPCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation and migration ability were detected by CCK⁃8 and Transwell assay, and then THP⁃1 monocytes were induced to differentiate into M0 macrophages. The differentiated M0 macrophages and transfected gastric cancer cells were co⁃cultured, and the changes of M2 macrophage markers were detected by RT⁃qPCR and cellular immunofluorescence after co⁃culture , and RT⁃qPCR was used to detect the expression level of CSF1 in SH3BGRL⁃silenced gastric cancer cells. Results The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that compared with normal gastric mucosal epithelial tissues, the expression of SH3BGRL was up⁃regulated in gastric cancer tissues (all P<0.01), and the overall survival and progression⁃free survival of patients with high SH3BGRL expression were shorter than those with low SH3BGRL expression (all P<0.01). In addition, the proportion of M2 macrophage infiltration was higher in patients with high SH3BGRL expression, which was associated with low response rate to immunotherapy (all P<0.01). The results of IHC staining showed that the expression of SH3BGRL protein was up⁃regulated in gastric cancer tissues (P<0.001). Compared with GES⁃1 cells, mRNA expression levels of SH3BGRL in gastric cancer cells HGC⁃27 and NCI⁃N87 were significantly up⁃regulated (all P<0.01). Compared with si⁃NC group, the proliferation ability of gastric cancer HGC⁃27 and NCI⁃N87 cells was significantly decreased after SH3BGRL silenced (all P<0.01), and migration ability of HGC⁃27 cell was significantly decreased (P<0.01). After co⁃culture of M0 macrophages with SH3BGRL⁃silenced gastric cancer cells HGC⁃27 and NCI⁃N87, M2 macrophage markers CD163, CD206 and Arg1 were down⁃regulated (all P<0.01). After SH3BGRL silenced in HGC⁃27 and NCI⁃N87 cells, the target gene CSF1 of the NF⁃κB signaling pathway was significantly down⁃regulated (all P<0.01). Conclusions The expression of SH3BGRL is up⁃regulated in gastric cancer, and the silencing of SH3BGRL inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, which may be related to inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages and forming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of artesunate on proliferation,apoptosis and autophagy of nephroblastoma cells by regulating AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway LU Yubo, FANG Yanle, WEI Jianxin, GAO Yuguang, LANG Xing, LI Jingtao, MA Xinsheng 2024, 16 (3):  295-301.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.05 Abstract ( 133 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate on the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of nephroblastoma cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods Human nephroblastoma cell line SK⁃NEP⁃1 was cultured in vitro and treated with artesunate at concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0 and 150.0 μmol/L, respectively; the cell viability of each group was determined by CCK⁃8 method and the optimal concentration of artesunate was screened. SK⁃NEP⁃1 cells were randomly divided into control group, artesunate (100.0 μmol/L) group, AMPK inhibitor Dorsomorphin (10.0 μmol/L) group, and artesunate (100.0 μmol/L)+Dorsomorphin (10.0 μmol/L) group. After treated with artesunate and Dorsomorphin alone or in combination, the cell viability of each group was detected by CCK⁃8 method. The colony formation condition of each group was detected by plate clone formation assay. The apoptosis condition of cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry. The autophagy of cells in each group was detected by MDC fluorescence staining. The expression of apoptosis⁃related proteins ［B⁃cell lymphoma⁃2 (Bcl⁃2), cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), Bcl⁃2⁃related X protein (Bax)］, autophagy⁃related proteins ［light chain 3 (LC3) Ⅱ, LC3Ⅰ, Beclin⁃1］ and AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway⁃related proteins in each group were detected by Western blot. Results Artesunate at different concentrations could inhibit the activity of SK⁃NEP⁃1 cells (all P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with the increase of concentration. After treating SK⁃NEP⁃1 cells with 100.0 μmol/L artesunate and 10.0 μmol/L Dorsomorphin, respectively,  compared to the control group, the artesunate group had higher apoptosis rate, larger relative amount of autophagic vacuoles, increased protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved PARP, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ, Beclin⁃1, p⁃AMPK/AMPK, and p⁃ULK1/ULK1 (all P<0.05), whereas its cell viability, colony formation rate, protein expression levels of Bcl⁃2 and p⁃mTOR/mTOR decreased (all P<0.05); the apoptosis rate, relative amount of autophagic vacuoles, protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved PARP, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ, Beclin⁃1, p⁃AMPK/AMPK, p⁃ULK1/ULK1 in Dorsomorphin group were decreased (all P<0.05), whereas its cell viability, colony formation rate, protein expression levels of Bcl⁃2 and p⁃mTOR/mTOR were increased (all P<0.05). The combined intervention of artemisinin and Dorsomorphin reversed the anti⁃tumor effect of artesunate in SK⁃NEP⁃1 cells. Conclusions Artesunate may enhance autophagy of nephroblastoma cells by activating AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting its proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Andrographolide combined with doxorubicin induces cell death in breast cancer cell via ROS-dependent DNA damage XIE Changquan, HE Fengyi, LU Guodong, LI Qiuyun 2024, 16 (3):  302-307.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.06 Abstract ( 133 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the effects of andrographolide combined with doxorubicin on the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods The breast cancer cells MDA⁃MB⁃231 and MCF⁃7 were treated with doxorubicin alone, andrographolide alone, or the combination of both. The proliferation and clonogenesis of the cells were detected by MTT assay and clonogenesis assay, respectively. Cell death and ROS level were detected by flow cytometry (PI staining and DCFH⁃DA staining), and the expression of γ⁃H2AX, PARP and α⁃tubulin in breast cancer cells was detected by Western blot. The effect of ROS on DNA was further detected by adding ROS scavenger NAC. A xenograft model of breast cancer in nude mice was established. After treatment with Doxorubicin, andrographolide or the combination of both, the body weight and tumor volume of nude mice were detected, and the cell death and tumor cell proliferation ability were detected by HE pathological staining and Ki⁃67⁃IHC staining, respectively, to verify the therapeutic effect of the combination treatment. Results Compared with the single drug group, the proliferation, survival rate and clonogenesis ability of breast cancer cells in the combined drug group were decreased (P<0.05), the ROS level was increased (P<0.001), the expression of γ⁃H2AX protein was increased and PARP protein cleavage was induced. Compared with the combined drug group, the survival rate of the cells in the NAC+ combined drug group was increased (P<0.05), while the cell ROS level was decreased (P<0.001), and the expression of γ⁃H2AX protein was reduced. In animal experiments, there was no significant difference in the body weight of nude mice between all of the  groups (all P>0.05); compared with the single drug group, the combined drug group had smaller tumor volume, more tumor cell death, and lower Ki⁃67 expression level in nude mice (all P<0.05). Conclusions Andrographolide can enhance the ability of doxorubicin and inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Andrographolide aggravates cell DNA damage by increasing ROS levels, which may be the mechanism of inducing breast cancer cell death.  Related Articles | Metrics

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An analysis of the effect of hypoxia on the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on transcriptomics and proteomics techniques WANG Guanyu, PAN Lixin, WANG Jiandong, WANG Qiuyan, TAO Yuting 2024, 16 (3):  308-316.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.07 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF   Save Objective  To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), providing the guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC patients. Methods  Tissue samples and corresponding clinicopathological data of 116 HCC patients who underwent radical hepatectomy in Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from May 2018 to July 2019 were collected. The hypoxia scores of  HCC patients were calculated based on the HALLMARK⁃HYPOXIA gene set and single⁃sample gene set enrichment analysis, and the scores were validated by using transcriptome sequencing data and immunohistochemical staining results detected by a deep learning model. The relationship between the hypoxia score and the prognostic and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by Log⁃rank, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, and chi⁃square test. The molecular features and tumor microenvironment heterogeneity of HCC patients with high hypoxia scores and low hypoxia scores were analyzed by using transcriptomics and proteomics techniques. Results 116 HCC patients were divided into a high hypoxia score group (n=58) and a low hypoxia score (n=58) group according to the hypoxia score. Compared with the low hypoxia score group, the high hypoxia score group showed a significantly higher expression level of hypoxia⁃inducible factor 1α (HIF⁃1α) (P<0.001), and the hypoxia score of HCC patients was positively correlated with the expression level of HIF⁃1α (r=0.672, P<0.001). The overall survival (P=0.001) and recurrence⁃free survival (P=0.006) of the patients in the high hypoxia score group were significantly lower than those in the low hypoxia score group, and the high hypoxia score was associated with higher Barcelona stage (P=0.040) and tumor recurrence rate (P=0.020) in HCC patients. High hypoxia score was an independent factor of poor prognosis in HCC patients (HR=2.074, 95%CI: 1.036-4.153, P=0.040). The high hypoxia score mainly enriched in the signaling pathways regulating HCC stem cells (including Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF⁃β and other signaling pathways) and the expression levels of liver cancer cells related markers (including CD24, CD44, CXCL12, EpCAM, ICAM1, KRT19, PROM1 and THY1) were up⁃regulated in this group. The cell compositions of tumor microenvironment in high and low hypoxia groups were heterogeneous, and the expression levels of HCC stem cell⁃associated markers (including CD54, CK19, CD34, OV6, CD13, and CD133) in the CD45-CD326+ tumor stem cell subsets and CD45+CD326+ malignant double positive cell subsets in the high hypoxia group were higher than those in the low hypoxia group. Conclusions The patients with high hypoxia scores have a poorer survival prognosis than those with low hypoxia scores, and have a tumor microenvironment with stronger tumor stem characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Trends of incidence and mortality and the age-period-cohort of cervical cancer in China,1990—2019 SUN Xiaoxia, WANG Yuping, SI Meili, ZHU Jing, ZHONG Mei 2024, 16 (3):  317-320.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.08 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF   Save Objective To analyze the current status and epidemic trend of the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China in 1990—2019. Methods Based on the data of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019), incidence and mortality were selected as the analysis indicators. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the changes in the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, and the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) values were calculated. The effects of age, period and cohort on the changes in incidence and mortality were analyzed based on the age⁃period⁃cohort model. Results In 1990—2019, both the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China showed an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 2.80% and 1.79%, respectively. The results of the age⁃period⁃cohort model showed that the longitudinal age curve of the cervical cancer incidence in China in 1990—2019 first increased and then decreased, reaching a peak of 29.09/105 (95%CI: 23.66/105-35.75/105) at age 70-74. The longitudinal age curve of mortality showed an upward trend, reaching a peak of 31.85/105 (95%CI: 28.30 /105-35.84/105) at age 85-89. The incidence risk of cervical cancer in Chinese women increased gradually, and the mortality risk showed a decreasing trend  in 1990—1994 to 1995—1999. With 2000—2004 (RR=1.00) being the control group, the mortality increased first and then decreased in 2005—2009. The women born later had a higher risk of incidence and a lower risk of death in cervical cancer. Conclusions The trends of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China showed an upward trend in 1990—2019. Those women born later have a higher risk of incidence in cervical cancer, and the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer should be further strengthened. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,nasal type,manifesting with primary ocular lesions YANG Lei, ZENG Lijie, TAO Jianhua, YAO Na, CONG Jia, YANG Jing, WANG Henan, WEI Liqiang, WANG Liang 2024, 16 (3):  321-326.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.09 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF   Save Objective To compare the differences in clinical characteristics, therapeutic effectiveness and prognosis between extranodal NK/T⁃cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL) manifesting with primary ocular lesions and ENKTCL with other primary lesions. Methods  The clinical data of 266 newly diagnosed and untreated ENKTCL patients admitted to the Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2009 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Combined with the follow⁃up results, the clinical characteristics, therapeutic remission rate and survival between the two groups were compared. Results  Among  the  266  patients  with  ENKTCL, 26 cases manifested with primary ocular lesions, with eyelid swelling being the most common clinical manifestation. Compared with the non⁃ocular ENKTCL groups, the ocular ENKTCL groups had a higher proportion of stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ patients (23.8% vs 42.3%, P=0.0394) and a higher proportion of patients with elevated LDH (27.1% vs 46.2%, P=0.0417). In terms of prognosis, the KPI score≥3 scores of the ocular ENKTCL group was higher than that of the non⁃ocular ENKTCL groups (46.2% vs 21.3%, P=0.0046). The proportion of patients in the ocular ENKTCL group with PINK score at high risk was higher than that in the non⁃ocular ENKTCL group (38.5% vs 19.2%, P=0.0219). In terms of therapeutic effectiveness, there was no significant difference in the choice of treatment regimen between the two groups. The proportion of patients assessed as progressive disease in the ocular ENKTCL group was higher than that in the non⁃ocular ENKTCL groups (46.2% vs 22.9%, P=0.0090). In terms of survival, 12 (46.2%) patients died in the ocular ENKTCL group and 56(23.3%) patients died in the non⁃ocular ENKTCL group. There was no significant difference in the 3⁃year and 5⁃year PFS rates between the two groups; while the 3⁃year OS rates in the ocular and non⁃ocular ENKTCL groups were 69.2% and 76.7%, respectively; the 5⁃year OS rates were 58.6% and 72.2%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P=0.0321). Conclusions ENKTCL manifesting with primary ocular lesions as the initial clinical manifestation demonstrates distinct features, including high tumor burden, accelerated disease progression, and limited response to therapeutic interventions. The prompt utilization of imaging examinations and tissue biopsy is crucial for precise diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of clinical and dosimetric factors related to radiation pneumonitis after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in breast cancer WU Hualing, LIN Qing 2024, 16 (3):  327-331.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.10 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF   Save Objective To analyze the correlation between clinical characteristics and dosimetric factors for the patients receiving intensity⁃modulated radiotherapy after breast cancer surgery, and to provide reference for the formulation of postoperative radiotherapy plan. Methods The data of breast cancer patients who received postoperative radiotherapy in Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, ipsilateral lung volume (ILV), mean lung dose (MLD) and volumetric dosimetric parameters V5-V50 were collected to analyze the correlation with the radiation pneumonitis. Results 75 cases of 177 breast cancer patients developed radiation pneumonitis; among these cases, 93.3% were grade 1 and 6.7% were grade 2. Univariable analysis showed that double target therapy, internal mammary lymph node radiotherapy, MLD, V13, V15, V20, V25, V30, V35, V40, V45, and V50 were all associated with the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis (all P<0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that both V35 and V50 were independent risk factors for the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis (all P<0.05). The receiver operator characteristic curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity of predicting radiation pneumonitis with 20.27% of V35 as the cut⁃off value were 42.7% and 77.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.619. The sensitivity and specificity of predicting radiation pneumonitis with 3.155% of V50 as the cut⁃off value were 50.7% and 75.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.626. Conclusions Both V35 and V50 are independent risk factors for the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis, and minimizing the high⁃dose region V35 and V50 are of great significance in reducing the incidence of radiation pneumonitis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Value of Kaiser score-based MRI feature nomogram model in preoperative prediction of vascular invasion in mass breast cancer  LUO Xianting, FENG Yimin, ZHOU Jing, XIAO Lei, YIN Jiayu, ZHAO Xin, SU Danke 2024, 16 (3):  332-338.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.11 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF   Save Objective To evaluate the value of Kaiser score⁃based MRI feature nomogram model in preoperative prediction of vascular invasion in mass breast cancer. Methods The data of clinical, pathological, imaging and Kaiser score of 345 patients with mass invasive breast cancer confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into training set (n=242) and validation set (n=103) according to a ratio of 7∶3. Univariable and multivariable Logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent risk factors of vascular invasion in mass breast cancer, and to construct the nomogram prediction model. The efficacy of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and clinical decision curve. Results Univariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum diameter, Kaiser score, diffusion⁃weighted imaging signal, shape and related invasion signs were all associated with vascular invasion in mass breast cancer (all P<0.05). Further multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that Kaiser score≥6 scores, hyperintensity on diffusion⁃weighted imaging, irregular shape, and presence of related invasion signs were independent risk factors for vascular invasion in mass breast cancer (all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram prediction model for mass breast cancer constructed by Kaiser score combined with diffusion⁃weighted imaging signals, shape and related invasion signs were 0.899 (95%CI: 0.859-0.939) and 0.827 (95%CI: 0.744-0.909) in the training set and validation set, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity were 0.845 and 0.840, respectively, in the training set, and 0.787 and 0.750, respectively, in the validation set. The calibration curve and Hosmer⁃Lemeshow test showed that the nomogram model had good consistency.  Clinical decision curve results showed that the nomogram could predict the vascular invasion of mass breast cancer with higher benefit. Conclusions The nomogram model of MRI image features based on Kaiser score constructed in this study is helpful for preoperative prediction of vascular invasion of mass breast cancer, and the model has high predictive efficiency, which provides a reference for the clinical preoperative prediction of vascular invasion of mass breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Summary of the best evidence for perioperative nutritional management in patients with colorectal cancer by the concept of enhanced recovery  ZUO Juntao, LI Jiaqi, XU Yao, CAI Lina, ZHENG Hengyu, SUN Ting, YE Xianghong 2024, 16 (3):  339-345.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.12 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF   Save Objective To search, screen, evaluate and integrate the best evidence of perioperative nutritional management for patients with colorectal cancer by the concept of accelerated rehabilitation. Methods According to the "6S" model of evidence⁃based resources, we retrieved from top down the literature, in both Chinese and English, on the perioperative nutritional management of colorectal cancer patients by the concept of accelerated rehabilitation, in BMJ Best Practice, Up to Date, Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence⁃Based Health Care Database, International Guidelines Collaboration, Website of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, CBMdisc, CNKI, Wanfang Database, Medlive, American Society for Enhanced Recovery, Chinese Medical Association, American Society for Parenteral Enteral Nutrition, and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. The extent of literature covered clinical decision⁃making, guidelines, expert consensus, and systematic evaluation (Meta⁃analysis). The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 2023. The quality of the included literature was independently evaluated by two researchers, and the references that met the quality criteria were analyzed. Results A total of 15 references including 7 expert consensus, 5 guidelines and 3 systematic evaluation were retrieved, summarizing 24 pieces of best evidence, which were grouped into 7 categories of nutritional treatment principles, preoperative education, preoperative nutritional screening and evaluation, preoperative nutritional support, preoperative fasting and drinking restriction, postoperative nutritional support and post⁃discharge nutritional support. Conclusions 24 pieces of the best evidence are summarized, from 7 aspects, on the perioperative nutrition management of colorectal cancer patients under the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery, which has good practicality and scientificity, and providing an evidence⁃based basis for medical staff to implement nutrition management. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma LIU Yue, QI Shunan, LI Yexiong 2024, 16 (3):  346-353.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.13 Abstract ( 156 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the mechanisms of Per gene in tumors AN Pingping, FAN Ruyu, ZHOU Shijin, YE Xuanxuan, WU Cong 2024, 16 (3):  354-360.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.14 Abstract ( 174 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the time window for tumor vessel normalization LIU Can, XIE Tianle, WU Yudi, LI Xiuxiu, GAO Yishu, HE Lan, TAN Jing, YANG Qianyun 2024, 16 (3):  361-366.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.15 Abstract ( 204 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of anti-HER2 targeted drugs in the treatment of breast cancer with brain metastases LEI Sen, WANG Hongxue, WANG Han, TAN Aihua, YANG Huawei, XIE Weimin 2024, 16 (3):  367-374.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.16 Abstract ( 154 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation and consideration of surgical treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis related intracranial hypertension HOU Qinhan, YAN Jun, MO Yong, DENG Teng, MO Ligen, WEI Changyuan 2024, 16 (3):  374-379.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.17 Abstract ( 126 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms of cancer patients ZHANG Jiayuan, LIU Li, ZHOU Yuqiu 2024, 16 (3):  380-384.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2024.03.18 Abstract ( 191 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics