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中国癌症防治杂志

中国癌症防治杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 502-508.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2025.04.16

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

外泌体来源tsRNA调控肿瘤生物学功能及作为分子诊断标志物的研究进展

  

  1. 桂林医科大学第一附属医院检验科
  • 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 国昊楠 E?mail：guohaonan@glmc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（82460409）；广西自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（2023GXNSFBA026006）；广西自然科学基金联合专项项目（2025GXNSFHA069059）

Advancements in research on iNKT cells for the treatment of non⁃small cell lung cancer

  • Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-12

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摘要： 外泌体作为由肿瘤细胞等多种细胞分泌的双层脂质囊泡，富含转运RNA（transfer RNA，tRNA）衍生的小分子RNA（tRNA⁃derived small RNA，tsRNA）等生物活性分子，在细胞通讯中发挥重要作用。tsRNAs源自前体tRNA或成熟tRNA，其表达水平在肿瘤患者的体液中存在显著差异。外泌体来源的tsRNA在肿瘤患者的血浆、唾液等体液中大量存在。最新研究表明，其参与调控肿瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移及耐药。此外，因其稳定性和组织特异性，tsRNAs在液体活检中作为肿瘤临床生物标志物展现出巨大潜力。本文全面总结了外泌体来源tsRNA在肿瘤中的生物学功能及其作为肿瘤诊疗生物标志物的广阔应用前景。

关键词: 肿瘤, 外泌体, 转运RNA衍生的小分子RNA, 生物标志物

Abstract:  Exosomes， as bilayer lipid vesicles secreted by various cell types， including tumor cells ， are enriched with bioactive molecules such as transfer RNA⁃derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) ， which play a crucial role in cellular communication. tsRNAs originate from precursor tRNAs or mature tRNAs， and their expression levels vary significantly in the body fluids of cancer patients. Exosome⁃derived tsRNAs are abundantly present in the plasma， saliva， and other body fluids of cancer patients. Recent studies have shown that these tsRNAs are involved in regulating tumor cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis， and drug resistance. Moreover， due to their stability and tissue specificity， tsRNAs exhibit significant potential as clinical biomarkers for tumors in liquid biopsies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the biological functions of exosome⁃derived tsRNAs in tumors and their promising applications as biomarkers in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: Tumor, Exosome, Transfer RNA?derived small RNAs, Biomarker

中图分类号: 

  • R730