Abstract: Tumors and cardiovascular diseases are regarded as two major "killers" threatening human health and have traditionally been studied as separate disciplines in the medical field. With continuous advancements in tumor diagnosis and treatment, the long⁃term survival rates of patients have significantly improved. Various malignant tumors and the corresponding therapeutic drugs affect cardiac metabolism, biochemical properties, and structural functions through diverse mechanisms. Related cardiovascular toxicities increasingly compromise patients' quality of life, leading to the emergence of the interdisciplinary field of cardio⁃oncology. Over nearly two decades, this discipline has evolved from a conceptual consensus to clinical practice, establishing a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment system centered on multidisciplinary collaboration, holistic management, and technological innovation. It provides a scientific pathway to achieve the dual goals of "cancer treatment" and "heart protection". This article reviews the developmental history, mechanistic research, risk assessment and prevention, as well as future directions of cardio⁃oncology.

Key words: Cardio?oncology, Tumor treatment, Cardiovascular toxicity, Prevention