Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy and prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) in the treatment of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with T-ALL/LBL received allo-HSCT at the Aerospace Center Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, with regard to efficacy, related complications and prognosis. Results A total of 50 patients were enrolled, 41 males and 9 females, with a median age of 20.5 years (range: 9.0-63.0 years); including 44 cases of haploid transplantation, 2 cases of umbilical cord blood transplantation and 4 cases of matched sibling donor stem cell transplantation. Among them, 40 cases were T-ALL and 10 cases were T-LBL; 16 patients in complete remission (CR) status and 34 patients in non-CR status before transplantation. After transplantation, the median follow-up time was 20 months (range: 1-84 months), 23 patients survived and 27 died. The overall and relapse-free survival rates were 50.0% and 44.0% at 24 months after transplantation, 45.5% and 40.0% at 36 months, respectively. During the follow-up period, a total of 20 patients relapsed, with a relapse rate of 40% (20/50). Those patients who achieved CR before transplantation, without extramedullary lesions and no central nervous system involvement had a better prognosis, where there was no significant difference in the overall survival and relapse-free survival between the groups with and without gene mutation, different conditioning regimen, and acute/chronic GVHD before transplantation (P>0.05). Conclusions In this small sample and uncontrolled clinical study, allo-HSCT in patients with T-ALL/LBL in remission may improve the survival prognosis compared with salvage transplantation, and relapse is the main reason for transplantation failure.

Key words: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, Recurrence after transplantation, Salvage transplantation