Table of Content

25 February 2022, Volume 14 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Important progress in the medical field of non⁃small cell lung cancer in 2021 JIANG Wei, ZHANG Li 2022, 14 (1):  1-7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.01 Abstract ( 1494 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism of hepatitis B virus X gene and its mutation in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma ZHOU Xinyu, LIU Donghong, CAI Shiliang, CHEN Hongsen, HE Yida, WANG Ruihua, CAO Guangwen 2022, 14 (1):  8-14.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.02 Abstract ( 2752 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of α⁃Conotoxin AuIB on bone cancer pain of mice and its mechanism CHEN Haishao, LIU Zhen, LI Junda, NING Xing, ZHAO Lu, LI Huadao, PAN Linghui 2022, 14 (1):  15-19.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.03 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and possible mechanism of α-Conotoxin AuIB on the bone cancer pain of mice. Methods A total of 36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a SHAM operation group (SHAM group), a bone cancer pain group (BCP group), a normal saline control group (NS group), a low dose (0.6 mg/kg) AuIB group (AuIB1 group), a medium dose (1.2 mg/kg) AuIB group (AuIB2 group) and a high dose (2.4 mg/kg) AuIB group (AuIB3 group). The pathological changes of mouse femur were observed by X-ray and HE staining on the 14th day after operation. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was detected 1 day before and 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 days after inoculation. The expression of PI3K/p-AKT signaling pothway-related proteins in L4-L5 dorsal root ganglion and cerebral cortex tissues was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the SHAM group, the X-ray of the BCP group 14 days after surgery indicated bone destruction and HE staining indicated infiltration of cancer cells. Compared with the SHAM group, the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold of the BCP group decreased significantly from the 7th day after surgery (all P<0.05). Compared with the BCP group, the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold of AuIB1 group, AuIB2 group, and AuIB3 group were significantly increased on the 14th, 11th, 7th days after surgery (all P<0.05). Compared with BCP group, the proportion of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in dorsal root ganglion and cerebral cortex tissues of the AuIB3 group decreased significantly (all P<0.05). Conclusions The α-Conotoxin AuIB can reduce the bone cancer pain of mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.    Related Articles | Metrics

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Colon cancer cell ⁃ derived exosomes activate neutrophil through HMGB1 to promote the proliferation,invasion and migration of colon cancer cell ZHOU Anfu, TAN Yan, ZHANG Huijing 2022, 14 (1):  20-25.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.04 Abstract ( 1725 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the function of colon cancer cell-derived exosomes in between neutrophils and colon cancer cells and its possible mechanism. Methods The neutrophils and colon cancer cells SW480 were cultured in vitro. The SW480 cells were transfected with sh-NC and sh-HMGB1, respectively, and the exosomes SW480-exo, sh-NC-exo, and sh-HMGB1-exo were isolated. Neutrophils were treated with exosomes in each group, and a PBS group was set at the same time. The neutrophil supernatant was extracted from each group, then co-cultured with SW480 cells, which were recorded as SW480-exo+Neutrophils group, sh-NC-exo+Neutrophils group, sh-HMGB1-exo+Neutrophils group and PBS+Neutrophils group, respectively. Sytox green staining was used to detect the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs); Western blot was used to detect the expression of HMGB1 protein; CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability; Clone formation experiment was used to detect the cell proliferation; Transwell assay was used to detect the migration and invasion of cells. Results The HMGB1 knockdown colon cancer cell model was successfully constructed and SW480-exo, sh-NC-exo and sh-HMGB1-exo were isolated. Compared with the PBS group, the neutrophil Sytox green fluorescence unit and the expression of HMGB1 protein in the SW480-exo group were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the sh-NC-exo group, there was no significant difference in HMGB1 protein expression and Sytox green fluorescence unit in neutrophils in the SW480-exo group (all P>0.05), but HMGB1 protein expression and Sytox green fluorescence unit in the sh-HMGB1-exo group were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the the PBS+Neutrophils group, the SW480 cells viability, the number of colonies, the number of migrating cells and the number of invasive cells in the SW480-exo+Neutrophils group were significantly increased(all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with the sh-NC-exo+Neutrophils group (all P>0.05). Compared with the sh-NC-exo+Neutrophils group, the SW480 cells viability, the number of colonies, the number of migrating cells and the number of invasive cells in the sh-HMGB1-exo+Neutrophils group were significantly reduced (all P<0.05). Conclusions The colon cancer cell-derived exosomes may induce the formation of neutrophil NETs through HMGB1, thereby promoting the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of miR⁃145⁃5p on invasion and migration of liver cancer cells by targeting LOX gene XING Wanting, XU Jingxuan, QI Lunan 2022, 14 (1):  26-32.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.05 Abstract ( 189 )   PDF   Save Objective  To investigate the effect of miR-145-5p targeting LOX on the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells and its mechanism. Methods The cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 73 patients who underwent hepatobiliary surgery in Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from September 2017 to September 2019, and liver cancer cell lines SMMC-7721 and SK-Hep1 were collected. The expressions of miR-145-5p and LOX in tissues were detected by RT-PCR. The miR-145-5p lentiviral vector, LOX overexpression plasmid and LOX lentiviral silencing vector were transfected with liver cancer cells SMMC-7721 or SK-Hep1; the LOX overexpressed plasmid and miR-145-5p lentivirus vector were co-transfected with SMMC-7721 cells; a corresponding negative control group and a blank control group were set in each transfection group. The migration and invasion ability of liver cancer cells were detected by Transwell assay; the expression level of LOX protein was detected by Western blot; The target of miR-145-5p was predicted by TargetScan database; and the GO and KEGG enrichment were analyzed by Cluster Profiler package. Results The results of qRT-PCR showed that miR-145-5p expression in adjacent normal tissues was higher than that in liver cancer tissues(4.196±2.288 vs 2.835±1.817, P<0.0001). The expression of LOX in liver cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues(12.17±1.369 vs 11.26±1.556, P<0.001). Transwell assay showed that the overexpression of LOX could promote the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells, while the knockdown of LOX inhibited the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells (all P<0.001). The overexpression of miR-145-5p could inhibit the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells, and the overexpression of LOX reversed the inhibitory ability of miR-145-5p on migration and invasion of SMMC-7721 cells. TargetScan database prediction showed that LOX was the target gene of miR-145-5p. Western blot showed that miR-145-5p could inhibit LOX protein expression (P<0.001). Conclusions miR-145-5p is lowly expressed in liver cancer tissues, while LOX is highly expressed. miR-145-5p may inhibit the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells by negatively regulating LOX. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of argon⁃helium knife cryoablation on microvessels of rabbit VX2 liver transplantation tumors LIN Maojie, YI Fengtao 2022, 14 (1):  32-37.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.06 Abstract ( 2445 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the effect of argon-helium knife cryoablation on the microvessels of rabbit VX2 liver transplantation tumors. Methods Fifteen rabbit VX2 liver transplantation tumor models were constructed by VX2 tumor tissue intrahepatic injection, and randomly divided into a control group and an argon-helium knife cryoablation group (including a 3 d group, a 7 d group, a 15 d group, and a 30 d group), with 3 rabbits in each group. The morphological changes of tumors in the treated area were observed by 320-row CT enhanced scanning and histological HE staining. The expression of tumor microvascular density(MVD)-CD31 and MVD-VEGF was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Fifteen rabit VX2 liver transplantation tumor models were constructed successfully. The results of CT showed that the tumors in the control group were divided into a peripheral ring enhancement area and a middle necrotic area. In the cryoablation group, the blood flow defect of the treated site showed a low-density cavity, and the low-density range gradually narrowed with time; if the cryoablation area was incomplete, the residual lesions could be enhanced. The histological results showed that a necrotic area without cell structure was formed after treatment, accompanied by an inflammatory cell response zone, and inflammatory cells gradually decreased with time, and a fibrous hyperplasia zone appeared. If the cryoablation area was incomplete, residual tumor cells could be seen around the treatment area. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the control group, the expressions of MVD-CD31 and MVD-VEGF increased significantly in the cryoablation 3 d group and 7 d group (all P<0.05), but significantly decreased in the cryoablation 15 d group and 30 d group (all P<0.05). Conclusions The cryoablation with argon-helium knife can inhibit the microangiogenesis of rabbit VX2 liver transplantation tumors, and may provide an effective treatment for liver tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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The value of peripheral blood GPC3 in the clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma MA Xiaohua, WU Kunjin, HUANG Qichao, QU Kai, MA Lei 2022, 14 (1):  38-44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.07 Abstract ( 2346 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum glypican-3 (GPC3) protein, peripheral blood GPC3 mRNA and combined detection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The expression of GPC3 in 1 case of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry method. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane library databases were searched for the literature related to GPC3 diagnosis of HCC. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality evaluation were performed on included literature. Meta analysis was performed using MetaDisc 1.4 software, the pooled diagnostic accuracy index was calculated, and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve  was drawn to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy. Results The immunohistochemical results showed that GPC3 was specifically expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 19 literatures (including 16 serum GPC3 protein articles and 5 peripheral blood GPC3MRNA articles) were further included to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of peripheral blood GPC3 molecule for HCC, the results showed that, the pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under SROC curve of serum GPC3 protein alone in the diagnosis of HCC were 0.62 (95%CI: 0.60-0.64), 0.67 (95%CI: 0.65-0.69) and 0.75, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, area under SROC curve of GPC3 mRNA in peripheral blood were 0.76 (95%CI: 0.70-0.81), 0.87 (95%CI: 0.84-0.91) and 0.92, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of serum GPC3 protein combined with α-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of HCC were 0.82 (95%CI: 0.80-0.85) and 0.81 (95%CI: 0.79-0.84), respectively. Combined des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) were 0.74 (95%CI: 0.68-0.79) and 0.76(95%CI: 0.70-0.81), respectively. Conclusions GPC3 molecule is specifically expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. Compared with serum GPC3 protein, peripheral blood GPC3 mRNA may have a higher diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of HCC. The diagnostic efficacy of serum GPC3 protein alone is limited, whereas its combination with AFP or DCP detection can improve the diagnostic accuracy and help the early diagnosis of HCC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and validation of diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma  related DNA methylation QIN Xiaoling, LIU Shun, PANG Ting, LIU Meiliang, WU Liuyu, ZENG Xiaoyun 2022, 14 (1):  45-52.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.08 Abstract ( 2535 )   PDF   Save Objective To screen methylated CpG diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The DNA methylation and gene expression data of HCC were downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database for bioinformatics analysis to obtain the candidate CpG sites. The methylation rates of candidate CpG sites and the mRNA expression of corresponding genes in 50 early-stage HCC tissue samples were detected by pyrosequencing and qRT-PCR, to verify the diagnostic efficacy. The diagnostic efficacy of candidate CpG sites was evaluated in datasets GSE54503, GSE89852, and GSE56588, respectively. Results Five CpG sites(cg12614630, cg19786751, cg06131338, cg23371746, and cg25340966) were screened out by bioinformatics analysis. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of multivariable combined diagnosis was 0.993. The methylation rates of cg12614630 (GPR182), cg19786751 (ACACB), and cg06131338 (ACACB) in 50 early-stage HCC tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues, while the corresponding gene expression levels were lower than those in adjacent tissues, and site methylation was negatively correlated with gene expression levels (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis found that in the early-stage HCC tissues, GSE54503, GSE89852 and GSE56588, the AUCs of the combined diagnosis of three CpG sites were 0.903, 0.812, 0.844 and 0.934, respectively. Conclusions The CpG sites cg12614630, cg19786751, and cg06131338 may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for HCC, and the combined diagnosis of the these CpG sites has favorable diagnostic performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of plasma exosomal miR⁃590⁃3p in patients with colorectal cancer  DUAN Jifang, YANG Chaogang, XIANG Xianhui 2022, 14 (1):  52-57.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.09 Abstract ( 3437 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the expression level of miR-590-3p in plasma exosomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and its clinical prognostic value. Methods The plasma samples of 97 CRC patients, hospitalized and received surgical treatment in Lichuan People's Hospital or Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2015 to December 2015, and 20 healthy controls were collected. Exosome were extracted from the plasma by ExoQuick Exosome Precipitation Solution kit, its morphology and particle size were identified by transmission electron microscopy and NanoSight nanoparticle analyzer, and the expression of exosome specific marker proteins CD63 and TSG101 were detected by Western blot. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-590-3p in plasma exosome, and its relationship with clinicopathological features of CRC patients was analyzed. The prognostic factors of CRC patients were analyzed by multivariable Cox regression model, and the overall survival of patients in the miR-590-3p high expression group and the low expression group was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The particle size of exosome isolated from plasma of 97 CRC patients and 20 healthy controls was about 100 nm. The expression of CD63 and TSG101 could be detected by Western blot, and the content of exosomes in the plasma of CRC patients was higher than that of healthy controls. RT-qPCR showed that the expression level of miR-590-3p in the plasma exosomes of CRC patients was higher than that of healthy controls (7.163±0.147 vs 1.339±0.161, P<0.001), and its expression level was related to tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, lymph vascular invasion and TNM stage of CRC patients(all P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that the overall survival of patients with high miR-590-3p expression in plasma exosomes was shorter than those with low expression (P=0.003). Furthermore, the multivariable Cox regression model analysis showed that high expression of miR-590-3p in plasma exosomes was an independent risk factor for prognosis in patients with CRC (HR=1.954, 95%CI: 1.271-3.524, P=0.032). Conclusions The expression of miR-590-3p is up-regulated in the plasma exosomes of patients with CRC, and closely related to tumor progression and poor prognosis, which may be an independent biomarker for CRC prognosis assessment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and its clinical significance ZHENG Chuanjun, JIN Song, WU Hongmei, CEN Xueqing, LU Mingshen, TAN Shengkui, ZHU Xiaonian 2022, 14 (1):  58-64.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.10 Abstract ( 193 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of m6A demethylase alkylation repair protein B homolog 5 (ALKHB5) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Methods The paraffin-embedded specimens of cancer tissues and adjacent tissues (>3 cm from the lesion) were collected from 80 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University from January 2009 to August 2013. The expression of ALKBH5 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the HCC patients was analyzed. Results The proportion of patients with high expression of ALKBH5 in HCC tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (P=0.001), and correlated with the patient's tumor size and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival (P=0.011) and recurrence-free survival (P=0.012) of patients in the low ALKBH5 expression group were shortened. Multivariable Cox analysis showed that the low expression of ALKBH5 was an independent risk factor affecting the overall survival (HR=1.965, 95%CI: 1.029-3.751, P=0.041) and recurrence-free survival (HR=2.201, 95%CI: 1.046-4.629, P=0.038) of HCC patients. Conclusions The expression of ALKBH5 is down-regulated in HCC tissues, and the patients with low expression have poor prognosis, suggesting that ALKBH5 may be a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target of HCC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of MLH1 expression on prognosis and preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in patients with gastric cancerZHOU Gaoyun, LIN Long, LIN Jinwei, SU Dewen 2022, 14 (1):  65-69.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.11 Abstract ( 761 )   PDF   Save  Objective To investigate the expression of mutL homologous gene 1 (MLH1) in patients with gastric cancer and its predictive value for prognosis and preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy response. Methods A total of 323 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in Hainan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2010 to December 2016 were collected as the research objects. The expression level of MLH1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. The histological response of preoperative chemotherapy was evaluated based on the proportion of surviving cancer cells. MSI status was evaluated in tumors with negative expression of MLH1 based on the results of immunohistochemistry. The Cox regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results Among the 323 patients, 32 (9.9%) had negative expression of MLH1 and 291 (90.1%) had positive expression of MLH1. Among the 32 patients with MLH1 negative expression, 27 (84.3%) were MSI-H and 5 (15.7%) were MSS/MSI-L. The proportion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy responders in the MLH1 negative group was lower than that in the MLH1 positive group (21.4% vs 60.4%, P<0.001). Among patients without preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=198), the RFS of the MLH1 negative group was longer than that of the MLH1 positive group (P<0.001). Among patients who received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=125), there was no statistically significant difference in RFS between the two groups (P=0.352). Multivariable Cox regression showed that patients with  MLH1 positive expression had a higher risk of recurrence than those with MLH1 negative expression (HR=2.45, 95%CI: 1.06-5.67, P=0.037). Conclusions MLH1 deletion is associated with chemotherapy resistance and the RFS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not prolonged. MLH1 is highly correlated with MSI status and can be a surrogate indicator of MSI.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Predicting the pathological complete response of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on machine learning ZHAO Shun, WANG Shumeng, QIN Jinfeng 2022, 14 (1):  70-75.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.12 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF   Save  Objective To develop a machine learning model based on the clinical and pathological characteristics data in the breast cancer electronic medical record system to predict the pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods The clinical information on the breast cancer patients who received NAC treatment and curative surgery in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected. The patients were randomly divided into training set and validation set in a ratio of 7：3. Five machine learning models were built in the training set, including Logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), naive bayes (NB), random forest (RF) and XGboost models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the predictive ability of machine learning. Results A total of 742 patients were included in the analysis, 533 in the training set and 209 in the validation set. After feature engineering, the properties such as age, CA-15-3, ER status, PR status, HER2 status, Ki-67, T stage, N stage, and NAC plan were selected to construct a prediction model. Among the five machine learning models, the XGboost model had the highest performance, with AUC of 0.850 and 0.834 in the training set and the validation set, respectively. Conclusions The XGboost model constructed based on the machine learning, pre-treatment clinical and pathological features has good efficacy in predicting the pCR response of breast cancer patients after NAC, providing a basis for the formulation of subsequent treatment strategies for patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy analysis of 3D⁃printed minimally invasive⁃guided template interstitial radiotherapy combined with deep hyperthermia in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer HOU Guangying, MIAO Junjun, HU Jianwei, GAO Lei, ZHANG Yongxia, YUAN Xiangkun 2022, 14 (1):  76-81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.13 Abstract ( 209 )   PDF   Save  Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and adverse reactions of 3D-printing minimally invasive-guided template implantation radiotherapy combined with deep hyperthermia in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods A total of 80 patients with cervical cancer newly treated in Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Intergrated Traditional and Western Medicine from June 2018 to December 2020 were randomly divided into a combination treatment group and a single treatment group, with 40 cases in each group. In the single treatment group, the external irradiation was performed with 6 MV-X accelerator radiotherapy and cisplatin chemotherapy, the post loading treatment was treated with 192Ir high-dose rate universal source intracavitary radiotherapy, and the general tumor target area was irradiated 30-36 Gy, 5-6 times, 6 Gy each time, once a week. The external irradiation and synchronous chemotherapy in the combination treatment group were the same as those in the single treatment group; the implantation radiotherapy was performed under the guidance of 3D-printed minimally invasive-guided template, and the total dose and fractional dose were the same as those in the single treatment group; the deep hyperthermia was combined within 2 h after each implantation treatment. The short-term efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared, with regard to 90% target volume dose (D90), 100% prescription dose volume percentage (V100), and the exposure dose to 2 cm3 volume of bladder and rectum in organs at risk (D2 cm3). Results Two months after the treatment, the complete remission rate in the combination treatment group was significantly higher than that in the single treatment group (92.5% vs 72.5%, χ2=4.242, P=0.039), whereas there was no significant difference in partial remission rate and stable disease rate (χ2=2.635, P=0.193; χ2=3.117,  P=0.241). Compared with those of the single treatment group, the V100 and D90 of high-risk clinical target volume in the combination treatment group were significantly higher ［(79.83±6.31)% vs (87.35±4.38)%, t=6.685, P<0.001; (5.89±0.24) Gy vs (6.32±0.21) Gy, t=7.584, P<0.001］, the average dose of D2 cm3 rectum was significantly lower ［(3.50±0.27) Gy vs (3.25±0.36) Gy, t=-3.406, P=0.002］, but there was no significant difference in the average dose of bladder D2 cm3 ［(4.42±0.18) Gy vs  (4.37±0.25) Gy, t=-0.961, P=0.343］. There was no significant difference in the incidence of grade 1-2 radiation proctitis, radiation cystitis and grade 3 radiation cystitis between the two groups (all P>0.05), whereas the incidence of grade 3 radiation proctitis in the combination treatment group was significantly lower than that in the single treatment group (χ2=3.914, P=0.048). Conclusions In the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer, the 3D-printed minimally invasive-guided template implantation radiotherapy combined with deep hyperthermia may significantly improve the short-term efficacy compared with the traditional 3D intracavity post-loading radiotherapy, with less adverse reactions. It also has advantages in the target dose and provides better protection for organs at risk. Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma: a clinical report of 50 cases LIU Fuhong, XUE Song, ZHANG Yongping, HUANG Wenqiu, WANG Jingbo 2022, 14 (1):  81-86.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.14 Abstract ( 2322 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the efficacy and prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) in the treatment of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with T-ALL/LBL received allo-HSCT at the Aerospace Center Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, with regard to efficacy, related complications and prognosis. Results A total of 50 patients were enrolled, 41 males and 9 females, with a median age of 20.5 years (range: 9.0-63.0 years); including 44 cases of haploid transplantation, 2 cases of umbilical cord blood transplantation and 4 cases of matched sibling donor stem cell transplantation. Among them, 40 cases were T-ALL and 10 cases were T-LBL; 16 patients in complete remission (CR) status and 34 patients in non-CR status before transplantation. After transplantation, the median follow-up time was 20 months (range: 1-84 months), 23 patients survived and 27 died. The overall and relapse-free survival rates were 50.0% and 44.0% at 24 months after transplantation, 45.5% and 40.0% at 36 months, respectively. During the follow-up period, a total of 20 patients relapsed, with a relapse rate of 40% (20/50). Those patients who achieved CR before transplantation, without extramedullary lesions and no central nervous system involvement had a better prognosis, where there was no significant difference in the overall survival and relapse-free survival between the groups with and without gene mutation, different conditioning regimen, and acute/chronic GVHD before transplantation (P>0.05). Conclusions In this small sample and uncontrolled clinical study, allo-HSCT in patients with T-ALL/LBL in remission may improve the survival prognosis compared with salvage transplantation, and relapse is the main reason for transplantation failure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between tumor⁃associated macrophages and prognosis of diffuse large B⁃cell lymphoma LUO Yanzhen, ZHOU Da, CHEN Sijing, LIAO Chengcheng, WANG Mingyue, TAN Xiaohong, KE Qing, CEN Hong 2022, 14 (1):  87-93.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.15 Abstract ( 989 )   PDF   Save  Objective To investigate the relationship between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods The clinical data of 95 DLBCL patients admitted to Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from July 2015 to May 2018 were collected. The expression levels of CD68 and CD163 in 95 DLBCL tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the TAMs infiltration level and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of DLBCL patients was analyzed, and verified in the public database GSE31312 and GSE10846 gene expression datasets. The ssGSEA method was used to investigate the potential immunobiological mechanism behind the influence of M2-type TAMs on the prognosis. Results Among 95 DLBCL patients, 50 cases (52.6%) had low expression of CD68+TAMs, and 45 cases (47.4%) had high expression; 34 cases (35.8%) and 61 cases (64.2%) had low and high expression of CD163+TAMs, respectively. The level of CD68+TAMs infiltration was correlated with lactate dehydrogenase level, AnnArbor stage and bone marrow invasion (all P<0.05), while the level of CD163+TAMs infiltration were not correlated with patients clinicopathological parameters (all P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high infiltration of CD68+TAMs and CD163+TAMs in DLBCL tissues was associated with shorter survival time of patients (all P<0.05). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that high infiltration level of CD163+TAMs in DLBCL tissues was an independent risk factor for prognosis of patients (HR=2.695, 95%CI: 1.126-6.455, P=0.026). ssGSEA enrichment analysis showed 6 immune-related signaling pathways (Adaptive immune system pathway, MHC classⅠantigen presentation pathway, TypeⅠinterferon signaling pathway, Treg differentiation signaling pathway, TCR signaling pathway and Chemokine signaling pathway) were significantly enriched in the M2-type TAMs low infiltration group (all P<0.05, FDR<0.25). Conclusions The high infiltration level of CD163+TAMs in DLBCL tissues is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients, which may affect the prognosis of DLBCL by regulating immune-related signaling pathways. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survival factors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical hepatectomy LYU Xinjian, YANG Mingzheng, GU Yuying, ZHANG Hanbo, DING Lu, CHEN Qingmei, DENG Yang 2022, 14 (1):  93-98.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.16 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF   Save Objective To investigate the factors influencing the overall survival (OS) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical hepatectomy. Methods The clinical data of 1,744 HCC patients who underwent radical hepatectomy in Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and the Second Hospital of Shandong University were retrospectively collected. The Cox regression proportional hazard model was used to analyze the factors influencing OS, and the survminer package (R language) was used to conduct the forest plots for visual display. Results The 1 -, 3- , and 5- year OS rates of 1,744 HCC patients were 73.5%, 51.0% and 22.2%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that male (HR=1.242, P=0.026), hepatitis B virus DNA≥500 copies/mL (HR=1.265, P<0.001), alpha-fetoprotein≥400 ng/mL (HR=1.597,P<0.001), Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio≥3.3 (HR=1.288, P=0.003), BCLC B/C stage (HR=1.734, P<0.001), microvascular invasion (HR=1.548, P<0.001), tumor size ≥5 cm (HR=1.944, P<0.001), and multinodular lesions (HR=1.422, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for OS of HCC patients, while complete tumor capsule (HR=0.673, P<0.001) and postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (HR=0.652, P<0.001) were independent protective factors. Conclusions The low postoperative OS of HCC patients is the result of multifactorial interaction, including hepatitis B virus DNA ≥500 copies/mL, alpha?fetoprotein ≥400 ng/mL, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio ≥3.3, BCLC B/C stage, microvascular invasion, tumor size ≥5 cm, and multinodular lesions are independent risk factors and can be used as evaluation indicators for postoperative treatment and prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and trend analysis of breast cancer in cancer registration areas of Gansu province,2009—2015 WANG Xin, DING Gaoheng, WANG Hongzong, WEI Xingmin, WU Jianjun, CHI Ting, BAI Xiaorong, LIU Yuqin 2022, 14 (1):  99-104.  doi: 0.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.17 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF   Save  Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in the registration areas of Gansu province from 2009 to 2015. Methods The crude incidence (mortality) rate, age-specific incidence (mortality) rate, cumulative rate (0-74 years old) and standardized incidence (mortality) rate were calculated based on the breast cancer data reported by the cancer registration areas in Gansu province from 2009 to 2015. The age standardized rates were calculated according to the Chinese population census in 2000 (ASR China) and Segi's standard population (ASR world). The annual percent change (APC) was calculated by Joinpoint 4.7 software. Results A total of 4, 980 new cases of breast cancer were reported in cancer registration areas of Gansu province from 2009 to 2015 with a crude incidence rate of 27.14/105, the ASR China of 22.84/105, and the ASR world of 23.56/105. There were 895 deaths by breast cancer, the crude mortality rate was 8.72/105, the ASR China was 7.61/105, and the ASR world was 8.00/105. The crude incidence rate of breast cancer in urban area was 28.59/105, the ASR China was 23.69/105, and the ASR world was 24.54/105. The crude incidence rate in rural area was 24.27/105, the ASR China was 22.08/105, and the ASR world was 22.15/105. The crude mortality rate of breast cancer in the urban area was 10.13/105, the ASR China was 8.34/105, and the ASR world was 8.71/105. The crude mortality rate of breast cancer in rural area was 4.70/105, the ASR China was 5.79/105, and the ASR world was 6.15/105. The high risk group of age-specific incidence was the 50-year old group, and the high risk group of age-specific mortality was the 80-year old group, and the age-specific incidence and mortality rates increased with age. From 2009 to 2015, the incidence (APC=-3.8%, 95%CI: -10.5% to 3.5%) and mortality (APC=-10.1%, 95%CI: -24.9% to 7.6%) of ASR China of breast cancer in Gansu province decreased slightly, but the change of trend was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions From 2009 to 2015, the trend of female breast cancer incidence and mortality in Gansu province was stable, but the incidence and mortality in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas, and the middle-aged and elderly women were high-risk groups. Related Articles | Metrics

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BTK inhibitor resistance mechanism and its coping strategies LIU Kang, WANG Liang 2022, 14 (1):  104-110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.18 Abstract ( 1774 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of tumor markers in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer WANG Xingguo, XU Zhiyang, LIU Shujuan, XING jinliang 2022, 14 (1):  111-116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.19 Abstract ( 686 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in tumor⁃targeted therapy of regulatory T cells FAN Huiming, WANG Binru, CHEN Shiming 2022, 14 (1):  117-122.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.20 Abstract ( 3278 )   PDF   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of SOCE in malignant tumors YE Jiaheng, LIU Zhihui 2022, 14 (1):  123-127.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2022.01.21 Abstract ( 3542 )   PDF   Save 恶性肿瘤；钙池操纵钙离子内流；侵袭；转移 Related Articles | Metrics