Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC), identified as the third most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, has achieved substantial progress in its prevention and treatment paradigms. In the field of early detection, the implementation of artificial intelligence technology has markedly enhanced screening efficiency, addressing the limitations inherent in traditional invasive diagnostic methods. On the therapeutic front, transanal total mesorectal excision has facilitated the preservation of organ function, while total neoadjuvant therapy strategies have notably improved tumor regression and pathological downstaging in locally advanced CRC. Immunotherapy has conferred long⁃term survival benefits for CRC patients exhibiting deficient mismatch repair or high microsatellite instability. Additionally, novel targeted therapies  have significantly elevated both  the objective response rate and clinical benefit rate for patients with advanced CRC. The current landscape of CRC prevention has entered a new phase, characterized by the integration of precision surgery with multidimensional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This article provides a systematic review of recent significant research advance ments in CRC, with an emphasis on innovations in early screening and diagnosis, precise prevention strategies, advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques, optimization of neoadjuvant treatment regimens, and breakthroughs in personalized treatment for metastatic CRC prevention and treatment. The aimis to offer decision⁃making references for clinical practice and establish theoretical foundations for future research directions.

Key words: Colorectal cancer, Screening and diagnosis, Neoadjuvant therapy, Personalized therapy