Abstract: Objective To examine whether changes in hemoglobin concentration during treatment local control therapy of nasopha-ryngeal carcinoma（NPC）can predict outcomes. Methods A total of 443 patients with NPC were classified into two groups：one group experienced an increase in hemoglobin concentration during radiotherapy（n=51）or a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy （n=90）；the other group experienced a decrease in hemoglobin after radiotherapy（n=110）or a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy （n=192）.Relationships between hemoglobin concentration changes and survival outcomes were analyzed. Results The group experiencing an increase in hemoglobin presented significantly greater rates of 5-year local relapse-free survival（53.5% vs 37.5%，P=0.013），5-year distant metastasis-free survival （58.5% vs 37.4%，P=0.009） and 5-year overall survival （43.3% vs 27.7%，P=0.003）.Multivariate analysis identified  age>60 years，patients with Anemia before and during treatmen，T staging and changes in hemoglobin concentration during treatment as independent prognostic factors for failure of local control therapy. Conclusion An increase in hemoglobin concentration during treatment is a prognostic factor for local control of NPC.

Key words: Nasopharyngeal neoplasm, Hemoglobin, Local control, Prognosis, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy