Abstract: Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in the rural areas of Hainan Province in 2015, and to provide a scientific basis for cancer prevention and treatment. Methods Based on the information of the incidence and death of malignant tumors reported in four rural areas in Hainan Province, the incidence (mortality) rate, standardized incidence (mortality) rate and cumulative incidence (mortality) rate (0-74 years old) were calculated by gender and age, and the top 10 malignant tumors in incidence and mortality were summarized. Results In 2015, the registered population of cancer in four rural areas in Hainan Province was 1, 385, 944 , accounting for 15.22% of the total population of Hainan Province during the same period. The incidence of malignant tumors in the rural areas of Hainan Province was 211.34/10⁵ (244.63/105 males, 174.19/105 females), age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) 168.15/10⁵, the age-standardized rates by world standard population (ASIRW) 162.71/10⁵, and the cumulative rate of 0-74 years old 17.75%. The incidence of male was higher than that of female. The top 5 malignant tumors in the rural areas of Hainan Province were liver cancer, lung cancer, colorectum cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer in sequence. The mortality rate of malignant tumors in the rural areas of Hainan Province was 132.62/105 (171.98/10⁵ males, 88.70/10⁵ females), with ASIRC of 101.59/10⁵ and ASIRW of 99.00/105, and the cumulative rate of 0-74 years old was 10.81%. The mortality of male was higher than that of female. The top 5 mortality of malignant tumors in the rural areas in Hainan Province were liver cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectum cancer and nasopharynx cancer in sequence. Conclusions In 2015, liver cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer were the incidence malignant tumors in the rural areas of Hainan Province, and males should be the focus of prevention. 

Key words: Malignant tumor, Cancer registration, Incidence, Mortality, Hainan