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25 February 2019, Volume 11 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Current situation,prospects and rationale of transvaginal specimen extraction in colorectal surgery WANG Xishan 2019, 11 (1):  1-4.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.01 Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (495KB) ( 384 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress and prospects of genome-wide association study of colorectal cancer QU Xiaofei, WANG Mengjun, CAI Sanjun, WEI Qingyi 2019, 11 (1):  5-12.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.02 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF（mobile） (493KB) ( 101 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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New strategy for organ preservation for locally advanced rectal cancer CHEN Gong, XIAO Weiwei, ZHANG Rongxin, WANG Fulong, PAN Zhizhong, WAN Desen 2019, 11 (1):  13-20.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.03 Abstract ( 473 )   PDF (807KB) ( 390 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of incorporating genetic risk score into colorectal cancer risk assessment JIANG Danjie, YE Ding, ZHANG Xiaocong, LI Qilong, JIN Mingjuan, CHEN Kun 2019, 11 (1):  21-25.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.04 Abstract ( 437 )   PDF (483KB) ( 318 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Exosome: a new concept in colorectal cancer development and treatment TANG Weizhong 2019, 11 (1):  26-29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.05 Abstract ( 442 )   PDF (421KB) ( 538 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of over-expression E2F1 gene on multi-drug resistance of human colon cancer Oxaliplatin-resistant cell line HCT116/L YAN Linhai, JIN Qinwen, QIN Yuzhou, CHEN Jiansi, ZHONG Huage, TANG Weizhong 2019, 11 (1):  30-36.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.06 Abstract ( 573 )   PDF (849KB) ( 231 )   Save Objective To investigate the effects of over-expression E2F1 gene on multi-drug resistance of human colon cancer Oxaliplatin-resistant cell line HCT116/L. Methods HCT116/L cells were divided into 3 groups（HCT116/L+E2F1 group，HCT116/L+NC group and HCT116/L group）. HCT116/L+E2F1 group cells were infected with an over-expression E2F1 recombinated lentiviral vector，HCT116/L+NC group cells were infected with an empty lentiviral vector，and HCT116/L group with no treatment . The expression levels of E2F1 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. The sensitivities to chemotherapeutic drugs（Adriamycin，5-FU，and Cisplatium） were assessed using MTT. The pump-out accumulation rate of Adriamycin and the apoptosis of cells were detected using flow cytometry. The migration of cells was dected by cell scratch test. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of resistance-related gene MDR1. Results The expression level of E2F1 in HCT116/L+E2F1 group was higher than that in HCT116/L+NC group and HCT116/L group（P＜0.05）. The IC50 of Adriamycin，5-FU，and Cisplatium of HCT116/L cells in HCT116/L+E2F1 group were（1.61±0.21） μg/mL，（5.22±0.12） μg/mL and （3.52±0.15） μg/mL，respectively，which were significantly higher than that in HCT116/L+NC group［（0.61±0.11） μg/mL，（3.93±0.54） μg/mL，（2.31±0.45） μg/mL] and HCT116/L group［（0.69±0.13） μg/mL，（4.19±0.51） μg/mL，（2.51±0.42） μg/mL］. The pump rate of Adriamycin was （22.51±0.12）% in HCT116/L+E2F1 group，while HCT116/L group was （8.45±0.11）% and HCT116/L+NC group was（10.92±0.09）%，and the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）. The apoptosis rate of HCT116/L+E2F1 group was （6.42±0.52）%，which was significantly lower than that of HCT116/L+NC group （12.81±0.69）% and HCT116/L group （11.45±0.31）%. HCT116/L+E2F1 group could enhance cell migration ability （P<0.05） and arrested cells in S phase. The expression of MDR1 protein in the HCT116/L+E2F1 group was 0.41±0.08，which was significantly higher than 0.19±0.08 in the HCT116/L+NC group and 0.15±0.07 in the HCT116/L group. Conclusions Over-expression of E2F1 gene can reduce the sensitivity of human colon cancer oxaliplatin-resistant HCT116/L to chemotherapeutic drugs and up-regulate the expression of MDR1 gene，which reduce the accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in HCT116/L cells，then enhance the multi-drug resistance of HCT116/L cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of metformin on radiosensitivity of rectal cancer cells SUN Yucheng, LIU Xiaowei, PIAN Guangzhe 2019, 11 (1):  37-42.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.07 Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (605KB) ( 333 )   Save Objective To investigate the effect of metformin（DMBG）on radiosensitivity of rectal cancer cells and its possible mechanism. Methods  Rectal cancer SW1463 cells were cultured in vitro，control group，DMBG group，radiation group and metformin combined radiation group（DMBG+radiation group） were set up，a nude mouse xenograft model was also established. MTT assay and colony assay were used to detect cell ability of different concentrations（5，10，20，40，80 mmol/L） of DMBG on SW1463 cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess the apoptosis and cell cycle. The expression of DNA damage protein γ- H2AX and DNA repair protein DNA-PK were detected by Western Blot，The weight and volume of transplanted tumors were tested，the tumor inhibition rate was calculated，and the tumor growth curve was drawn. Results Different concentrations（5，10，20，40，80 mmol/L）of DMBG inhibited the ability of SW1463 cells（F=43.283，P=0.021）. The cell ability of DMBG+radiation group under different radiation doses（2，4，6，8 Gy） was lower than that of DMBG group and radiation group（P<0.05），while the apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that of DMBG group and radiation group ［（63.32±6.15） % vs （16.19±4.38） %，P<0.05；（63.32±6.15） % vs （17.24±5.17）%，P<0.05］. DMBG+ radiation group increased the proportion of G2 /M phase cells to（61.50±5.25） %，while the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase decreased to （17.36±3.17） %，and the expression of γ-H2AX protein was up-regulated，the expression of DNA-PK protein was down-regulated，which were statistically significant compared with  the DMBG group and radiation group（P<0.05）. The volume and weight of the nude mice were significantly reduced，and the tumor inhibition rate was significantly higher than that of DMBG group and radiation group ［（68.51±2.58）% vs （20.74±2.61）%，P<0.05；（68.51±2.58）% vs （31.52±3.43）%，P<0.05］. Conclusions DMBG has radiosensitizing effect on rectal cancer SW1463 cells and its xenografts in nude mice. The combination of metformin and radiotherapy may change the cell cycle distribution and inhibit the ability of DNA damage and repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cancer incidence and mortality in cancer registries in Guangxi，2015 CAO Ji, LI Qiulin, RONG Minhua, GE Lianying, YU Jiahua 2019, 11 (1):  43-51.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.08 Abstract ( 578 )   PDF (464KB) ( 492 )   Save Objective To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in Guangxi cancer registration areas in 2015. Methods Data form 26 cancer registration areas were analyzed using methods and data quality control criteria of NCCR. Cancer incidence and mortality stratified by gender，area（urban and rural）and age group were analyzed. Crude rate，age-standardized rate（ASR），cumulative rate （0-74 years old） and truncated rate were calculated. The proportion and rates of 10 common cancers in different groups were also calculated.Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi's population. Results Altogether，the 26 cancer registries（19 urban and 7 rural） covered a total of 9，414，305 people（5，679，778 in urban areas and 3，734，527 in rural areas）. New cancer cases and cancer deaths were estimated to be，respectively，22，644 and 13，737. The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors were 240.53/105 （male 275.63/105，female 202.99/105） and 145.92/105（male 191.62/105，female 97.05/105）. Age-standardized incidence and mortality adjusted by Chinese standard population were 191.79/105 and 112.83/105，and 186.76/105 and 110.91/105 by world standard population，respectively. The cumulative（0-74 years old） incidence and mortality were 21.07% and 12.52%，respectively. The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in urban areas were 254.16/105 and 146.47/105，and age-standardized incidence and mortality adjusted by Chinese standard population were 203.42/105 and 114.47/105，while the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in rural areas were 219.79/105 and 145.08/105，and age-standardized incidence and mortality adjusted by Chinese standard population were 175.86/105 and 111.80/105. The top 10 most frequent cancers were lung，liver，breast，colorectum，cervix，stomach，nasopharynx，uterus，prostate and brain tumor，accounting for about 76.90% of all cancer new cases. Cancers of liver，lung，colorectum，stomach，breast，nasopharynx，cervix，esophagus，prostate and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death，ccounted for about 82.32% of all cancer deaths. Conclusions Cancers of liver，lung，colorectum，stomach，breast，nasopharynx and cervix are the common malignant tumors of incidence and mortality in Guangxi cancer registry areas，which should be the focus of prevention and treatment in Guangxi. In addition，we should pay more attention to prostate cancer and female thyroid cancer due to their rising incidence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Trends in incidence of ovarian cancer in Anhui province,2010—2014 DAI Dan, ZHA Zhenqiu, LI Rui, CHEN Yeji, LIU Zhirong 2019, 11 (1):  52-57.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.09 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (676KB) ( 241 )   Save Objective To analyze the trend of incidence of ovarian cancer in Anhui cancer registration areas from 2010 to 2014. Methods Data on ovarian cancer from 2010 to 2014 were obtained from Anhui registries. The crude incidence，age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population in 2000（ASR China），age-standardized rate by Segi's population（ASR world）were calculated. The Possion regression method was used to compare the incidence of urban and rural areas，the Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the annual percent change （APC） of ovarian cancer，and the Joinpoint parallel test method was used to compare the changes of age-specific incidence of ovarian cancer in urban and rural areas. Results The new cases of ovarian cancer were 2，050 in Anhui cancer registration areas from 2010 to 2014. The crude incidence rate，ASR China，ASR world were 6.54/105，5.35/105，5.12/105 respectively. The Possion regression model result showed that the incidence of ovarian cancer in urban areas was higher than the rural areas（OR=1.2391，95%CI:1.2383-1.2399，P＜0.001）. The incidence of ovarian cancer in all areas was relative low before 20 years old，it increased rapidly after 20 years，and reached the peak at the age group of 60 years and 70 years. The urban areas reached the peak at the age group of 70 years，while the rural areas reached the first peak in age group of 45 years and reached the second peak in age group of 60 years. Joinpoint regression model showed that the crude incidence of ovarian cancer in Anhui province was on the rise from 2010 to 2014，and the difference in the trend was statistically significant（APC=11.05%，95%CI：5.04%-17.41%，P=0.012）. The APC changes of ASR China and ASR world were the same as the crude incidence. The APC of rural areas（APC=10.62%，95%CI：4.37%-17.23%，P=0.009） was higher than that in urban areas（APC=9.01%，95%CI：-0.31%-19.19%，P=0.056）. The incidence of ovarian cancer in urban and rural areas in the 40-59 age group showed an upward trend，the urban areas were not statistically significant（APC=3.81%，95%CI：-8.85%-18.24%，P=0.441），while the rural areas were statistically significant（APC=9.35%，95%CI：6.52%-12.25%，P=0.002）. Conclusions The incidence of ovarian cancer in Anhui Province shows an upward trend. The incidence in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas. However，the rising trend of the incidence in rural areas is more obvious than that in urban areas. It is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and control of ovarian cancer，especially in the 40-59 age group in rural areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of ELAM-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice and its rela-tionship with metastasis LIU Lu, LIU Lijuan, LI Yin, HUANG Xiaoxin, KANG Wei, WEI Bo, SU Danke, JIN Guanqiao 2019, 11 (1):  58-62.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.10 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (748KB) ( 470 )   Save Objective To establish a model of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in nude mice and explore the correlation between ELAM-1 and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cell suspension was injected into the left hind paw pad of nude mice. Tumor formation，nude mice weight，the long and short diameter of the transplanted tumor were evaluated and tested. Sixteen human nasopharyngeal carcinoma-bearing nude mice were divided into metastasis group and non-metastasis group by continuous pathological section hematoxylin-eosin staining. ELAM-1 expression in transplanted tumor tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results Tumor were formed in all mice，and the tumor formation rate was 100.0%. At last，ten nude mice showed metastatic tumors（metastatic rate，62.5%）. There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups［（13.83±0.56） g vs （14.62±0.30） g，t=1.026，P=0.071） before the establishment of metastatic tumor model，then the tumor volume increased exponentially，and the growth rate of the tumors in the metastasis group was faster than that in the non-metastasis group. The tumor volume of the non-metastasis group was smaller than that of the metastasis group［（198.91 ± 163.29） mm3 vs （268.76 ±174.31）mm3 ，t=4.376，P=0.005）. ELAM-1 was positive in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts，lymph node metastases and distant metastases，and mainly expressed in cell membrane. The optical density of transplanted tumors in the metastasis group was higher than that in the non-metastasis group（0.4497±0.0705 vs 0.0435±0.0082，t=4.388，P＝0.001）. Conclusions A metastatic model of nasopharyngeal carci-noma in nude mice with stability and high metastatic rate is successfully established. ELAM-1  is highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice, promoting the growth and metastasis of transplanted tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of first-line SOX chemotherapy plus Apatinib for advanced gastric cancer patients HAN Zhongcheng, MA Lili, CUI Zhiwen, FENG Yanyan, WANG Fang 2019, 11 (1):  62-67.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.11 Abstract ( 541 )   PDF (463KB) ( 464 )   Save Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tiggio（S-1），Oxaliplatin plus Apatinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods Eighty-eight patients with advanced gastric cancer who were admitted to the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region people's Hospital from February 2015 to October 2016 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into the control group （44 cases） and the experimental group （44 cases）. The control group was given S-1  combined with oxaliplatin chemotherapy（SOX），while the experimental group was given SOX plus Apatinib. Short-term efficacy，adverse reactions，overall survival and progression-free survival of the two groups were compared. Results The objective remission rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group （40.91% vs 20.45%，χ2=4.238，P=0.037）. There was no significant difference in disease control rate between the two groups （86.36% vs 70.45%，χ2=3.289，P=0.070）. The median over survival of the experimental group was signicantly longer than that of the control group（12 months vs 9.5 months，χ2=4.254，P=0.039）. The median progression-free survival was also significantly longer than that of the control group （9 months vs 6 months，χ2=8.815，P=0.003）. The total incidence of hypertension and hand-foot syndrome in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group（P<0.05），and the incidence of other adverse reactions was not statistically significant（P＞0.05）. Conclusion SOX plus Apatinib as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer patients has demonstrated good clinical efficacy. It is safe and can effectively prolong the survival time and disease free progression time . Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of immune-enhanced enteral nutrition on immune function after radical gastrectomy in Chinese GAN Shenghong, KE Zewen, LI Yong 2019, 11 (1):  68-75.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.12 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (1973KB) ( 272 )   Save Objective To evaluate the immune function of patients with gastric cancer who were given immune-enhanced enteral nutrition preparation after radical gastrectomy. Methods CNKI，WanFang，VIP，CBM，PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on immunological function of patients after radical gastrectomy with immune-enhanced enteral nutrition from inception to July，2018. Retrieve objects were Chinese population. According to the literature inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria，screened the literature，extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias in the literature．Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 10  RCTs were included in the study，involving 534 patients，of whom，283 cases underwent immune-enhanced enteral nutrition（experimental group） and 251 cases underwent conventional enteral nutrition （control group）. The quality of the literatures was B grade. Meta-analysis of cellular immune indicators showed that the level of CD3 in the experimental group on the first day after surgery was lower than that in the control group（MD=-2.06，95%CI：-3.68--0.43，P=0.01），while the other indicators were not statisti-cally significant. The levels of CD3，CD4，CD4/CD8 and NK in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group on 7-10 days after surgery （MDCD3=6.74，95%CI：1.36-12.12，P<0.01；MDCD4=5.93，95%CI：3.68-8.19，P<0.001；MDCD4/CD8=0.53，95%CI：0.33-0.73，P<0.001；MDNK=1.40，95%CI：0.05-2.76，P<0.05），but the level of CD8 was no significant difference between the two groups（MD=2.00，95%CI：-2.87-6.88，P=0.42）. Meta-analysis of humoral immune indicators showed that there was no significant difference in IgA，IgM and IgG level between the experimental group and the control group on the first day after operation. However，the IgA，IgM and IgG level in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group on 7-10 days after surgery（MDIgA=0.33，95%CI：0.24-0.41，P<0.001；MDIgM=0.21，95%CI：0.14-0.27，P<0.001；MDIgG=1.91，95%CI：1.11-2.72，P<0.001）. Conclusions After radical surgery for gastric cancer，the immune-enhanced enteral nutrition preparations have advantages over conventional enteral nutrition preparations in improving immune function of patients after 7-10 days，but the effect on the first day after surgery is not obvious. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient histogram for pathological grading in clear cell renal cell carcinoma ZHANG Yuxin, HAN Fugang 2019, 11 (1):  76-80.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.13 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (783KB) ( 256 )   Save Objective  To evaluate the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient（ADC） histogram for the classification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma（CCRCC）. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 34 patients with CCRCC by conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging（DWI）. According to pathological findings，the patients with CCRCC were divided into low grade group（19 cases） and high grade group（15 cases）. The ADC histogram parameters of different grades of CCRCC were measured and recorded，including maximum，minimum，mean，median，skewness and kurtosis. Independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the difference of ADC parameters. Results The minimum，mean and median of ADC histogram of low grade CCRCC were higher than that of high grade CCRCC ［（1.09±0.23） ×10-3  mm2/s vs （0.81±0.09）×10-3 mm2/s 、（1.86±0.27）×10-3 mm2/s  vs （1.58±0.14）×10-3 mm2/s and （1.85±0.23）×10-3 mm2/s  vs （1.59±0.12）×10-3 mm2/s ，P＜0.05］. Moreover，the low grade CCRCC was dominated by negative skewness. There were no significant difference in the maximum and peak values between the two groups （P>0.05）. In the whole tumor ADC histogram，the diagnostic efficiency of the ADC minimum was the highest，the area under the curve （AUC） was 0.895，and the corresponding optimal diagnostic threshold index，Youden index，sensitivity and specificity were 0.898×10-3 mm2/s，0.761，86.67% and 89.47%，respectively. Conclusions The ADC histogram helps to identify different grade of CCRCC，and the ADC minimum has the best diagnostic efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Consistency of different MR sequences in measuring radiotherapy target areas of cervical cancer YU Longzhen, WU Shaobing, BO Huiming, SUN Xiaobing 2019, 11 (1):  81-84.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.14 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (454KB) ( 241 )   Save Objective To compare the consistency of different MR sequences in measuring the target area of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the data of 38 patients with cervical cancer initially diagnosed by pathology（ⅡB or above）. Tumor contours were delineated manually on axial T2WI，T1WI enhanced scan（T1+C） and apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC），respectively. Gross tumor volume（GTV） was calculated by area summation method. The GTV obtained from different sequences were divided into T2WI group，T1+C group and ADC group. One-way ANOVA was used to calculate the average values of three groups of GTV and compare their differences. Bland-Atlman method was used to calculate 95% consistency limits（95% LoA） of three groups of GTVs，and the consistency of three groups of GTVs was compared. Results The mean value of GTV in T2WIgroup，T1+C group and ADC group were （46.35±28.04） cm3、（44.27±26.66） cm3 and （47.50±28.55） cm3，respectively. There was no significant difference in mean GTV among the three groups（F=0.132，P=0.877）. Bland-Atlman results showed that 95% LoA in T2WI group and T1+C group，T2WI group and ADC group，T1+C group and ADC group were（-16.43-20.59） cm3，（-19.01-25.47） cm3 and  （-20.13-22.44） cm3，respectively. Bland-Atlman scatter plots in different groups were 5.26%（2/38） out of the 95% LoA range，which was beyond the clinical alternative range. Conclusions The consistency of different MR sequence measurements of cervical cancer radiotherapy target areas is not good，and can not be replaced by each other. Comprehensive analysis of T2WI，T1+C and ADC is more conducive to the accurate delineation of cervical cancer radiotherapy target areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of CMTM4 and tumor KONG Juan, TAN Shengkui 2019, 11 (1):  85-88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2019.01.15 Abstract ( 472 )   PDF (417KB) ( 476 )   Save   Related Articles | Metrics