Evidence from six prospective, randomized trials has shown that breast-conserving surgery（BCS） is a safe alternative to mastectomy, and this led to a heightened interest in achieving and balancing local control and cosmetic outcome post-surgery. However, it is also becoming apparent that conventional BCS techniques may not produce cosmetically favorable results for patients who present with ill-defined or poorly situated breast tumors. Other factors that are commonly found in Chinese women, such as small-volume and denser breasts, also contribute to the difficulty in achieving an optimal cosmetic outcome post-surgery, thus necessitating the need for oncoplastic breast surgery techniques to be employed. This article serves as an overview of the recent advances and principles of oncoplastic breast surgery, as well as the use of autologous fat grafts to improve cosmetic results and eliminate remaining smaller deformities post-surgery.
