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中国癌症防治杂志

中国癌症防治杂志 ›› 2014, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (3): 243-246.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2014.03.05

• 流行病学调查 • 上一篇    下一篇

长沙市2012～2013年城市居民癌症筛查分析

  

  1. 长沙市疾病预防控制中心
  • 出版日期:2014-09-25 发布日期:2014-10-17

Early cancer screening and treatment in Changsha， China: assessment for 2012-2013

  • Online:2014-09-25 Published:2014-10-17

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被引次数

15

摘要： 目的 通过在城市人群中开展肺癌、乳腺癌、大肠癌、上消化道癌和肝癌等常见癌症高危人群的评估、筛查和早诊早治工作，探索早诊早治适宜技术，努力遏制城市癌症高发的势头。方法 按照国家癌症中心统一制定的高危人群评估问卷对长沙市5个辖区的40～69岁常住居民开展问卷调查，并录入高危评估软件进行癌症高危评估，对评估为癌症的高危人群采用低剂量螺旋CT、乳腺超声、乳腺钼靶，腔镜（胃镜、肠镜）、指示性病例活检、AFP及肝脏超声检查等技术开展相应的癌症筛查。结果 实施癌症高危人群评估50　000人，共开展高危人群癌症筛查10　136人次，其中肺部、肝脏、乳腺、上消化道（食管和胃）、大肠分别筛查3　220人次、3　109人次、2　057人次、1　018人次、732人次。筛查出癌前病变1 279例，癌前病变阳性率为12.62%；检出可疑癌症患者47例，癌症筛查阳性率为0.46%。其中肺部癌前病变902例，阳性率为28.01%，癌变15例，阳性率为0.47%；肝脏癌前病变4例，阳性率为0.13%，癌变9例，阳性率为0.29%；乳腺癌癌前病变244例，阳性率为11.86%，癌变16例，阳性率为0.78%；上消化道癌癌前病变23例，阳性率为2.26%，癌变2例，阳性率为0.20%；大肠癌癌前病变106例，阳性率为14.48%，癌变5例，阳性率为0.68%。结论 开展癌症早诊早治工作，能有效探索癌症防控新技术、新机制，有利于早期发现癌症，提高患者的早期诊治率、生存率和生存质量，降低癌症发病率。

关键词: 肿瘤, 流行病学, 早诊早治, 筛查

Abstract: Objective  To examine whether early cancer diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the increasing incidence of cancer in cities，we evaluated the results of a survey in Changsha，China concerning the detection and treatment of common cancers of the lung，breast，colon，upper gastrointestinal tract and liver. Methods A survey of residents aged 40-69 years in five districts of Changsha was conducted in 2012-2013 to identify high-risk cancer populations，and individuals assessed to be at high risk of one or more cancers were screened using low-dose spiral CT，breast and liver ultrasound， mammary molybdenum target，or endoscopy as appropriate. Results The implementation of high-risk assessment included 50 000 people and the cancer screening included 10 136 person-time； this investment varied by target organ as follows: lung，3 220 person-time；liver，3 109 person-time；breast，2 057 person-time；esophagus and stomach，1 018 person-time；large intestine，732 person-time.Precancerosis was detected in 1 279 cases，and the positive rate was 12.62%. A total of 47 suspected cancer patients were screened，and the positive rate was 0.46%. Precancerosis and cancer showed different prevalences by tissue type：precancerous lung lesions were found in 902 individuals，and the positive rate was 28.01%；lung cancer was found in 15 cases，and the positive rate was 0.47%；precancerous liver lesions were found in 4 cases，and the positive rate was 0.13%；liver cancer was found in 9 cases，and the positive rate was 0.29%；precancerous large intestine lesions were found in 106 cases， and the positive rate was 14.48%；colorectal cancer was found in 5 cases，and the positive rate was 0.68%；precancerous upper gastrointestinal tract lesions were found in 23 cases，and the positive rate was 2.26%；upper gastrointestinal tract cancer was found in 2 cases，and the positive rate was 0.20%；precancerous breast lesions were found in 244 cases，and the positive rate was 11.86%； and breast cancer was found in 16 cases， and the positive rate was 0.78%. Conclusions Targeted efforts to screen for and diagnose cancer early in cities can be an effective way to increase the rate of early treatment， survival and quality of life.

Key words: Cancer, Epidemiology, Early Diagnosis and treatment, Screening