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25 February 2017, Volume 9 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Mechaniama in cancer pain Wang Guonian 2017, 9 (1):  1-4.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.01 Abstract ( 186 )   PDF (673KB) ( 315 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Mu opioid receptor:a potential target in cancer treatment Zeng Weian 2017, 9 (1):  5-8.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.02 Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (504KB) ( 256 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Terminai cancer pain:multimodality and multidisciplinary of management Pan Linghui 2017, 9 (1):  9-13.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.03 Abstract ( 186 )   PDF (1189KB) ( 373 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Analgesic effect of intrathecal injection of KB-R7943 on SNL rats Huang Yang，Wen Lili，Ouyang Handong，Chen Dongtai，Li Qiang,Zeng Wei'an 2017, 9 (1):  14-19.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.04 Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (3217KB) ( 520 )   Save  Objective To evaluate the analgesic action of intrathecal injection of KB-R7943 in SNL rats, and explore the possible mechanism of analgesia. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats（180-220 g）were randomly assigned to four groups, treated with a subarachnoid catheter and subjected to SNL surgery. On day 7 after surgery, the groups received intrathecal injection of solvent or KB-R7943 in doses of 5，10 or 20 μg. Behavioral tests were used to detect changes in mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold. In addition, expression of the sodium-calcium exchanger protein （NCX） on the operation side of the L4-6 spinal dorsal horn was measured using immunofluorescence, and spinal dorsal horn C fiber-evoked potentials were measured. Tetanic stimulation was used to induce long-term potentiation of the C fiber, and changes in C fiber potential amplitude were recorded after applying KB-R7943 or control solvent to the surface of the local spinal cord. Results NCX was expressed on the C fiber projection area of the L4-6 spinal dorsal horn. Intrathecal injection of NCX inhibitor KB-R7943 significantly increased the threshold of mechanical and thermal pain（P<0.05），and these effects positively correlated with KB-R7943 dose. KB-R7943 also reduced the potential amplitude of the C fiber observed after tetanic stimulation. Conclusions Intrathecal injection of KB-R7943 produces a dose-dependent analgesic effect in SNL rats. This effect may involve inhibition of the reverse transfer function of NCX in the spinal dorsal horn, as well as reduction in long-term potentiation of C fiber-evoked potential in the spinal dorsal horn. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Involvement of β-endorphin in cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist-mediated morphine tolerance in cancer pain Zhang Mingyue,Zhang Zhaodi,Wang Guonian 2017, 9 (1):  20-24.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.05 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (738KB) ( 387 )   Save Objective The purpose of this research was to test whether the CB2 receptor is involved in morphine tolerance by up-regulating β-endorphin in spinal cord in cancer pain. Methods Walker 256 cells were implanted into the plantar region of the rat right hind paw. Tumor-bearing animals received intrathecal injections of a CB2 receptor agonist or antagonist with or without subcutaneous injections of morphine twice daily for 8 days. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and thermal paw withdrawal latency were assessed daily using the von Frey test and hot plate test. Expression of β-endorphin in the spinal cord was detected by ELISA after the last day of drug administration. Results Repeated morphine treatments reduced the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal latency， as well as down-regulated β-endorphin in the spinal cord[（5.24±1.41） ng vs （12.46±3.50） ng，P<0.001]. Repeated co-administration of AM1241 with morphine for 8 days significantly inhibited the development of mechanical withdrawal threshold [（19.33±3.36） g vs （9.5±1.07） g，P< 0.001] and thermal latency [（21.83±2.89） s vs （9.5±2.01） s，P<0.001）]， and reversed the down-regulation of β-endorphin expression in tumor-bearing rats[（10.11±2.08） ng vs（5.24±1.41） ng，P<0.05]. Conclusions Intrathecal injection of the CB2 receptor agonist alleviated morphine tolerance in tumor-bearing rats by up-regulating β-endorphin expression in spinal cord. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ibuprofen on apoptosis and proliferation of hepatic cells via the IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway Nan Zhenhua,Pan Linghui,Zhang Weikang 2017, 9 (1):  25-29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.06 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (591KB) ( 237 )   Save  Objective To investigate the effect of ibuprofen on apoptosis and proliferation of hepatic cells via the IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods Human liver cancer QGY-7703 cells in logarithmic growth phase were seeded into culture plates or bottles. The cells were randomly divided into 4 groups using random number table（n=6 each）：control group（Qc group） and 3 experimental groups given different ibuprofen concentrations （Q1,Q2,Q3 groups）. The Q1,Q2 and Q3 groups were exposed to ibuprofen at respective final concentrations of 250，500 and 1000 μmol/L，while the control group was exposed to normovolemic RPM-l640 nutrient solution. Cell proliferation at 24，48 and 72 h later was measured using the CCK-8 assay，and apoptosis rate was measured using flow cytometry．After 48 h incubation，levels of IKKβ and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein，as well as levels of p-IKKβ， p-IκBα and NF-κBp65 protein，were measured using real-time PCR or Western blotting. Results Proliferation rates and apoptotic rates were significantly higher in the Q1,Q2 and Q3 groups than in the Qc group. These effects depended on ibuprofen dose and incubation time. Levels of IKKβ and Bcl-2 mRNA were significantly lower in Q1,Q2 and Q3 groups than in the Qc group，and this effect varied with ibuprofen concentration. Similarly，protein levels of IKKβ，Bcl-2，p-IKKβ，p-IκBα and NF-κBp65 were significantly lower in the Q1,Q2 and Q3 groups than in the Qc group. All these levels negatively correlated with ibuprofen concentration（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Ibuprofen can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in human liver cancer QGY-7703 cells，and it may exert these effects by regulating IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cancer incidence and mortality in cancer registries in Guangxi，2013 Yu Jiahua,Li Qiulin,Rong Minhua,Cao Ji,Pan Linghui,Li Lequn,Ge Lianying 2017, 9 (1):  30-39.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.07 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (655KB) ( 1283 )   Save Objective To analyze malignant tumor registration data in cancer registry areas in order to estimate cancer incidence and mortality in Guangxi in 2013. Methods Data from 6 registries were analyzed using methods and data quality control criteria of NCCR. Data were stratified by area（urban/rural），gender，age group and cancer site. Age-standardized incidence/mortality rates were calculated using the Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi's population. Results Altogether，the 6 cancer registries（2 urban，4 rural） covered a total of 5,196,871 people（1,933,143 in urban areas，3,263,728 in rural areas）. New cancer cases and cancer deaths were estimated to be，respectively，12,563 and 7,908. Morphology-verified cases （MV%） accounted for 54.07%，and 1.19% of incident cases were identified through death certifications only（DCO%）；the mortality to incidence ratio（M/I ratio） was 0.63. Crude incidence in Guangxi was 241.74/105（males，273.44/105；females，207.47/105），age-standardized incidence based on Chinese standard population （ASR China）was 212.55/105，and age-standardized incidence based on world standard population（ASR world） was 208.12/105. Cumulative incidence（0~74 age years old） was 23.16%. Cancer incidence and ASR China were 256.99/105 and 214.07/105 in urban areas；the corresponding values in rural areas were 232.71/105 and 212.49/105. Crude mortality in Guangxi was 152.17/105 （males，198.99/105；females，101.53/105），age-standardized mortality by Chinese standard population（ASR China） was 130.41/105 and age-standardized mortality by world standard population （ASR world） was 129.18/105. Cumulative mortality （0~74 age years old） was 14.18%. Cancer mortality and ASR China were 137.81/105 and113.51/105 in urban areas；the corresponding values in rural areas were 160.68/105 and 141.90/105. The top 10 most frequent cancers were lung，liver，colorectum，breast，stomach，nasopharynx，cervix，esophagus，brain tumor and leukemia；together，these cancers accounted for 79.15% of all new cancer cases. The most frequent causes of cancer-related death were cancers of lung，liver，colorectum，stomach，esophagus，nasopharynx，breast，brain tumor，leukemia and lymphoma；these accounted for about 83.93% of all cancer deaths. Conclusions Cancers of lung，liver，colorectum，breast，stomach，nasopharynx，cervix and esophagus are the major malignant tumors threatening the health of Guangxi residents. These cancers are the key targets of cancer prevention and control efforts in Guangxi. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of RSK4 and TRAF4 in different breast cell lines and cross-talk mechanism Yang Ning, Zhu Jia, Huan Xuejie,Wu Yue, Yang Huawei 2017, 9 (1):  40-45.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.08 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (730KB) ( 338 )   Save Objective To study the expression of tumor suppressor gene p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 4（RSK4） and the interacting protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4（TRAF4） in different human breast cancer cell lines，and to study the potential role of these proteins in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （RT-PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of TRAF4 and RSK4 in four human breast cancer cell lines （HBL-100，MCF-7，Her-2-positive type，MDA-MB-231）. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of RSK4，TRAF4 and MAPK pathway proteins downstream of ERK1/2 protein in the same four breast cancer lines. Results RSK4 and TRAF4 mRNAs were expressed in all four cell lines；the highest expression was observed for RSK4 mRNA in HBL-100 cells. Expression of RSK4 mRNA was slightly lower in MCF-7，Her-2-positive type and MDA-MB-231 cells. Expression of TRAF4 mRNA followed the trend: HBL-100P<0.05）. The levels of RSK4 and TRAF4 proteins in the four cell lines strongly correlated with the levels of mRNA（rRSK4=0.92，P<0.01；rTRAF4=0.82，P<0.01）；the expression of ERK1/2 protein in the four cell lines followed the trend: MDA-MB-231>Her-2-positive type>MCF-7> HBL-100. RSK4 mRNA levels correlated negatively with TRAF4 mRNA levels（r1=-0.81，P<0.01），and the same was observed for protein levels （r2=-0.84，P<0.01）. Conclusions RSK4 and TRAF4 expression negatively correlate with each other，which may be mediated by MAPKs downstream of the ERK pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of CD166 on radioresensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 Lin Huan,Zhu Xiaodong,Chen Zetan, Li Ling,Qu Song,Zhao Wei,Su Fang,Wei Jingni,Liang Zhongguo,Mo Qiyan,Wu Jiangbo,Meng Huiling 2017, 9 (1):  45-49.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.09 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (942KB) ( 434 )   Save Objective The present study aimed to investigate the effect of CD166 on the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2. Methods CD166 expression in the CNE-2 cell membrane was detected by flow cytometry. CNE-2-CD166（+） and CNE-2-CD166（-） cell lines were obtained using magnetic-activated cell sorting technology. Radiosensitivity，cell proliferation，and apoptosis were assessed，respectively，using a colony formation assay，cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Results The CD166（+） rate in the CNE-2 cell membrane was（24.27±5.31）%；after immunomagnetic separation，the CD166（+） rate was 96.5% among CNE2-CD166（+） cells and 0.6% among CNE2-CD166（-） cells. The radiation sensitivity ratio was 1.24. After 10-Gy irradiation，The CCK-8 assay indicated that the survival fraction of CNE-2-CD166（+） cells was （76.66±3.36）% in 24 h，（62.44±1.66）% in 48 h and （55.21±3.39）%in 72 h，significantly higher than that of CNE-2-CD166（-） cells:（60.34±5.13）% in 24 h、（41.11±3.00）% in 48 h，（35.28±4.36）% in 72 h（P＜0.05）. After 10-Gy irradiation，the apoptotic rate of CNE-2-CD166（+） cells was significantly lower than that of CNE-2-CD166（-）cells（P=0.026）. Conclusion Our data suggest that CD166（+） nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells are more resistant to radiation，and the mechanism may be associated with reduced apoptosis rate after irradiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between IL-17 gene polymorphism and gastric cancer Yin zhenzhen,Wang Xiaoyan,Jiang Xiangjun 2017, 9 (1):  50-54.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.10 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (429KB) ( 436 )   Save  Objective To investigate the role of Interleukin-17（IL-17） single-nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） rs2275913 and rs763780 in the development of gastric cancer. Methods A total of 355 Han Chinese patients with gastric cancer and 300 healthy Han Chinese controls were enrolled from the Qingdao area. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood，and rs2275913 and rs763780 genotypes were determined using PCR-based DNA sequence analysis and direct DNA sequencing. Relationships between the sequences and risk of gastric cancer were explored. Results Frequencies at IL-17 rs2275913 differed significantly between the cancer group and healthy group （χ2=17.192，P<0.001）. Subjects with the AA genotype were obviously more susceptible to gastric cancer than those with the GG genotype （χ2=16.829，P<0.05；OR=2.891，95%CI=1.721-4.857）. The GA genotype was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer relative to the GG genotype，but the trend did not achieve significance（χ2=0.878，P>0.05）. Frequencies at IL-17 rs763780 were similar between the cancer group and healthy group（χ2=1.381，P>0.05）. Conclusions The A allele of IL-17 rs2275913 is associated with increased susceptibility to gastric cancer in Han Chinese from Qingdao. IL-17 rs763780 SNPs show no association with risk of gastric cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection and classification of circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and their clinical significance Qi Lunan,Xiang Bangde,Wu Feixiang,Ma Liang,Chen Zushun,Ye Jiazhou,Li Lequn 2017, 9 (1):  55-60.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.11 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (930KB) ( 330 )   Save  Objective To explore the distribution of circulating tumor cells （CTCs） in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients and to analyze their relationship with HCC clinical stage and prognosis after surgery. Methods CanPatrolTM CTC-enrichment and in situ hybridization （ISH） were used to isolate，identify and classify CTCs from the blood of 112 HCC patients and 20 healthy donors. Blood was collected from HCC patients at 1 or 2 days before resection as well as 8-10 days after resection. Results CTCs were detected in 101（90.18%） HCC patients but not in any of the healthy donors. CTCs were classified into five subpopulations based on EMT markers: epithelial CTCs（E-CTC）,epithelial-predominant hybrid CTCs（E＞M-CTC）,epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid CTCs（E≈M-CTC）,mesenchymal-predominant hybrid CTCs（M＞E-CTC）and mesenchymal CTCs（M-CTC）.CTC count and M-CTC percentage were closely related to BCLC stage of HCC. The cut-off value of 16 for CTC count predicted early recurrence with sensitivity of 55.3%，specificity of 92.3% and AUC of 0.74. The cut-off value of 2% for M-CTC percentage predicted recurrence with sensitivity of 80.9%，specificity of 69.2% and AUC of 0.748. Tumor-free survival analyses indicated that patients with both CTC count≥16 and M-CTC≥2% showed significantly lower tumor-free survival than patients with both CTC count<16 and M-CTC<2% and patients with only CTC count≥16 or M-CTC≥2%. Postoperative levels were measured in all 112 patients at 8-10 days following resection. CTC count dropped after surgery，whereas M-CTC percentage increased. Patients in whom M-CTC percentage increased，showed significantly shorter tumor-free survival than patients in whom M-CTC percentage decreased or stayed the same（P＜0.05）. In 10 patients monitored postoperatively for CTC changes，8 displayed an increase in CTC count at 1-2 months before recurrence or appearance of metastatic lesions. Conclusions CTCs were detected in a high percentage of HCC patients，including early-stage HCC patients，suggesting that tumor dissemination may be an early event. Patients with high CTC count and/or M-CTC percentage and patients in whom M-CTC percentage increased after surgery show lower tumor-free survival and worse prognosis. Postoperative monitoring of changes in CTC counts after surgery may allow early prediction of recurrence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of CT-MRI fusion images for determining the target region in postoperative glioma Chen Yibiao,Zhang Hanxiong,Jiang Zhendong,Ma Tianbin,Zhang Jian,Zhu Wenbiao 2017, 9 (1):  61-64.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.12 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (446KB) ( 656 )   Save Objective To investigate the application of computed tomography（CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） fuse images for determining the target region in postoperative glioma. Methods CT and MRI images were fused from 10 patients. The CTV of each patient was independently determined by an associate chief doctor and a resident based on CT and MRI images. The CTV contoured on CT （CTVCT） and MRI （CTVMRI） were measured，and composite volumes （CTVCT+MRI） were calculating as the sum of CT-defined CTV and MRI-defined CTV. Differences between these volumes were compared. Results Volumes of CTVCT+MRI were larger than the volumes of CTVCT（P<0.05） determined by all doctors. Volumes of CTVCT determined by associate chief doctors was larger than that（P<0.05） determined by resident doctors. Volumes of CTVCT+MRIdid not differ significantly between associate chief doctors and residents（P>0.05）. Conclusions CT-MRI fusion images can significantly improve accuracy in radiation therapy after glioma surgery.The composite volume （CTVCT+MRI） may be less dependent on physician experience. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of capecitabine combined with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of liver metastasis of breast cancer Wen Qiang,Ye Ruizhi,Jiang Xianming,You Guangxian,Liu Lidan 2017, 9 (1):  65-68.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.13 Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (457KB) ( 373 )   Save Objective To study the efficacy and side effects of capecitabine combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy （IMRT） against breast cancer that has metastasized to the liver. Methods A total of 52 patients with breast cancer that had metastasized to the liver were divided into 27 cases who were treated with capecitabine and radiation （capecitabine combined with radiotherapy group） and 25 cases who were treated with capecitabine only （capecitabine group）. IMRT was performed on liver metastatic lesions of the capecitabine combined with radiotherapy group，and the 95% dose curve was wrapped around the 99% planned target，with conventional fractionation，2 Gy per time，5 times per week for 4-6 weeks；concurrently，capecitabine therapy （1250 mg/m2） was given 2 times/day orally. After radiotherapy，the patients were treated with capecitabine 2510 mg/m2（2 times/day orally） for a 21-day cycle. The control group was given only capecitabine at 2510 mg/m2（2 times/day orally） for a 21-day cycle. Results Total efficacy rate was 74.1% in the capecitabine combined with radiotherapy group，and 44% in the capecitabine group（P＜0.05）. The tumor control probability （CR+PR+SD） was 92.6% in the capecitabine combined with radiotherapy group and 68% in the capecitabine group（P＜0.05）. The median duration of response in the capecitabine combined with radiotherapy group was 13.6 months，compared to 8.9 months in the capecitabine group（P<0.05）. The median survival time in the capecitabine combined with radiotherapy group was 17.4 months and 11.7 months in the capecitabine group. Respective 1-year survival rates were 85.2% and 56.0%（P<0.05）；2-year survival rates were 40.7% and 16.0%（P<0.05）. Adverse reactions were mainly neutropenia，gastrointestinal reactions，and liver injury，and reactions were grade I and II. Conclusions Capecitabine combined with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for liver metastasis of breast cancer can improve patient survival rate，and adverse reactions can be tolerated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparision of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus sequential radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer Cao Zhugen,Shu Jian,Tian Guoping,Ma Haiqin,Yang Taomei 2017, 9 (1):  68-70.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.14 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (366KB) ( 223 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of multidisciplinary collaboration-based clinical pathway management on quality of life of patients with laryngectomy Wang Fang,Li Yanxiu,Tang Yuping,Xiong Lixiang,Pang Chun,Xie Qi,Qi Rongjuan 2017, 9 (1):  71-74.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.15 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (518KB) ( 359 )   Save  Objective To explore the effects of multidisciplinary collaboration-based clinical pathway management on quality of life of patients with laryngectomy. Methods A total of 51 patients with laryngectomy were randomly divided into the experimental group（n=26） and the control group（n=25）. A clinical pathway based on multidisciplinary collaboration was established following a literature review and preliminary experimental treatment. Patients in the experimental group were given clinical pathway management，while patients in the control group were given routine nursing care during hospitalization. UW-QOL was used to evaluate the quality of life of all patients at 6 months after laryngectomy. Results UW-QOL scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group（P<0.001）.Conclusions Clinical pathway management based on multidisciplinary collaboration can effectively improve the quality of life of patients with laryngectomy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cathepsin S and malignant tumor 2017, 9 (1):  75-79.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.16 Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (492KB) ( 382 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in anti-Her-2 treatment in breast cancers 2017, 9 (1):  79-82.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.01.17 Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (359KB) ( 197 )   Save Related Articles | Metrics