Table of Content

25 June 2009, Volume 1 Issue 02 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Article

Select

Study on the relationship between polymorphism of ESR1 gene and primary liver cancer LOU Jian-jun,XIE Yu-an,LUO Xiao-ling,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  98-100.  Abstract ( 172 )   Save Objective To study the association between polymorphism of ESR1 gene in primary liver cancer(PLC) in Fusui area of Guangxi.Methods 50 cases of PLC with Zhuang nationality,50 cases of PLC with Han nationality,37 cases from high risk population with Zhuang nationality,37 cases from high risk population with Han nationality,30 cases from normal population with Zhuang nationality and 30 cases from normal population with Han nationality were enrolled in this study.SNP locus rs 9340772 of ESR1 gene was selected as genetic marker.The genotypes and genetic mutation frequency of all the cases were detected by polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction fragment polymorphism method(PCR-RFLP).Results There was no mutation in SNP locus rs 9340772 of ESR1 in PLC group,the high risk population group and the normal population group. The expression of ESR1 showed no statistically significant difference among the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Polymorphism SNP locus rs 9340772 of ESR1 gene is not associated with PLC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on the relationship between polymorphism of ESR1 gene and primary liver cancer LOU Jian-jun,XIE Yu-an,LUO Xiao-ling,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  98-100.  Abstract ( 113 )   Save Objective To study the association between polymorphism of ESR1 gene in primary liver cancer(PLC) in Fusui area of Guangxi.Methods 50 cases of PLC with Zhuang nationality,50 cases of PLC with Han nationality,37 cases from high risk population with Zhuang nationality,37 cases from high risk population with Han nationality,30 cases from normal population with Zhuang nationality and 30 cases from normal population with Han nationality were enrolled in this study.SNP locus rs 9340772 of ESR1 gene was selected as genetic marker.The genotypes and genetic mutation frequency of all the cases were detected by polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction fragment polymorphism method(PCR-RFLP).Results There was no mutation in SNP locus rs 9340772 of ESR1 in PLC group,the high risk population group and the normal population group. The expression of ESR1 showed no statistically significant difference among the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Polymorphism SNP locus rs 9340772 of ESR1 gene is not associated with PLC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of eukaryotic expression vector of siRNA-inhibited CDC25A expression ZHU Xiao-dong,LI Xiang-de,QU Song,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  101-104.  Abstract ( 93 )   Save Objective To construct and identify an eukaryotic expression vector of siRNA-inhibited CDC25A expression in mammalian cells.Methods CDC25A-specific siRNA was designed and synthesized according to the sequence of CDC25A.After annealing the nucleic acid fragment of the siRNA to form the double-stranded,they were connected with the eukaryotic expression vector psilencer4.1 which was pre-digested with Bam HI and HindⅢ.Then the constructed vectors,named psilencer 4.1-CDC25A and psilencer4.1-Control,were digested and sequenced.Results The vector of siRNA-inhibited CDC25A expression and the negative control vector were constructed,sequenced and identified.Conclusion The successful construction and validation of the siRNA-inhibited CDC25A expression vector lays a good foundation for the next steps in CDC25A-related study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of eukaryotic expression vector of siRNA-inhibited CDC25A expression ZHU Xiao-dong,LI Xiang-de,QU Song,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  101-104.  Abstract ( 135 )   Save Objective To construct and identify an eukaryotic expression vector of siRNA-inhibited CDC25A expression in mammalian cells.Methods CDC25A-specific siRNA was designed and synthesized according to the sequence of CDC25A.After annealing the nucleic acid fragment of the siRNA to form the double-stranded,they were connected with the eukaryotic expression vector psilencer4.1 which was pre-digested with Bam HI and HindⅢ.Then the constructed vectors,named psilencer 4.1-CDC25A and psilencer4.1-Control,were digested and sequenced.Results The vector of siRNA-inhibited CDC25A expression and the negative control vector were constructed,sequenced and identified.Conclusion The successful construction and validation of the siRNA-inhibited CDC25A expression vector lays a good foundation for the next steps in CDC25A-related study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Implications of PARP expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis tissues SU Zhi-xiong,LI Le-qun,PENG Tao,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  105-108.  Abstract ( 144 )   Save Objective To explore the expression and the clinicopathological implications of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues and cirrhotic tissues.Methods PARP expression in the tissues of HCC(n = 99),cirrhosis(n = 51) and normal control(n =41) were detected by immunohistochemical EnVision method.Results There were three types of PARP positive staining in HCC tissues:nuclear,cytoplasmic and mixed.The PARP expression level of nuclear type was significantly lower in HCC tissues than those in cirrhosis and normal control,and was significantly lower in cirrhosis than that in normal control(P<0.01).The expression of PARP was not associated with the clinicopathological factors in HCC cases(P>0.05).Multiplicity analysis indicated that PARP expression in cytoplasm was related to the number of peripheral blood leucocytes(OR = 0.757,P = 0.037 ).Conclusions PARP expression in liver cell nucleus might reflect the status of oxidative stress in each stage during hepatocarcinogenesis,which might implicate the etiology of HCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Implications of PARP expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis tissues SU Zhi-xiong,LI Le-qun,PENG Tao,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  105-108.  Abstract ( 153 )   Save Objective To explore the expression and the clinicopathological implications of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues and cirrhotic tissues.Methods PARP expression in the tissues of HCC(n = 99),cirrhosis(n = 51) and normal control(n =41) were detected by immunohistochemical EnVision method.Results There were three types of PARP positive staining in HCC tissues:nuclear,cytoplasmic and mixed.The PARP expression level of nuclear type was significantly lower in HCC tissues than those in cirrhosis and normal control,and was significantly lower in cirrhosis than that in normal control(P<0.01).The expression of PARP was not associated with the clinicopathological factors in HCC cases(P>0.05).Multiplicity analysis indicated that PARP expression in cytoplasm was related to the number of peripheral blood leucocytes(OR = 0.757,P = 0.037 ).Conclusions PARP expression in liver cell nucleus might reflect the status of oxidative stress in each stage during hepatocarcinogenesis,which might implicate the etiology of HCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression ofβ-amyloid A4 protein in ovarian cancer and its relationship with clinical significance YU Fei,LI Li,WANG Qi,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  109-113.  Abstract ( 197 )   Save Objective To study the expression ofβ-amyloid A4 protein(Amyloid beta A4 protein,APP) mRNA in ovarian tumor tissues and its clinical significance.Methods One-step Trizol extraction method was used to extract the total RNA from 49 cases of ovarian cancer,20 cases of benign ovarian tumor and 16 cases of normal ovarian tissue.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology was used to analyze APP mRNA in each sample.Results The expression of APP mRNA in ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than those in benign ovarian tumor and normal ovarian tissue(P<0.05 ).The expression of APP mRNA in ovarian granulose cell tumor was significantly higher than that in epithelial ovarian cancer(P<0.05).The expression of APP mRNA in ovarian cancer tissue from the patients treated with preoperative neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in benign ovarian tumor,but was not different from that in ovarian cancer without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The level of APP mRNA and the survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer had no significant correlation. Conclusions The high expression of APP ovarian cancer is related to the histological type of tumor,but the expression of APP is not an independent judgment factor for prognosis of ovarian cancer.Chemotherapy does not reduce the expression of APP mRNA.Detecting APP expression has certain value for diagnosis of the ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression ofβ-amyloid A4 protein in ovarian cancer and its relationship with clinical significance YU Fei,LI Li,WANG Qi,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  109-113.  Abstract ( 111 )   Save Objective To study the expression ofβ-amyloid A4 protein(Amyloid beta A4 protein,APP) mRNA in ovarian tumor tissues and its clinical significance.Methods One-step Trizol extraction method was used to extract the total RNA from 49 cases of ovarian cancer,20 cases of benign ovarian tumor and 16 cases of normal ovarian tissue.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology was used to analyze APP mRNA in each sample.Results The expression of APP mRNA in ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than those in benign ovarian tumor and normal ovarian tissue(P<0.05 ).The expression of APP mRNA in ovarian granulose cell tumor was significantly higher than that in epithelial ovarian cancer(P<0.05).The expression of APP mRNA in ovarian cancer tissue from the patients treated with preoperative neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in benign ovarian tumor,but was not different from that in ovarian cancer without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The level of APP mRNA and the survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer had no significant correlation. Conclusions The high expression of APP ovarian cancer is related to the histological type of tumor,but the expression of APP is not an independent judgment factor for prognosis of ovarian cancer.Chemotherapy does not reduce the expression of APP mRNA.Detecting APP expression has certain value for diagnosis of the ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical study on expression of HSP70 mRNA in hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury and its relationship with apoptosis GUO Ya,DUAN Jia-jia,WEN Zhang,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  114-116.  Abstract ( 159 )   Save Objective To detect the response of hepatic tissue to ischemic reperfusion and the relationship between the expression of HSP70 mRNA and apoptosis.And then to provide a theoretical basis for selecting effective pretreatment method,inhibiting apoptosis and reducing the hepatic injury by ischemic reperfusion.Methods liver tissue(10g for each) was taken around incisal margin before the blockage of porta hepatis,the open of porta hepatis and before the closure of abdominal cavity, respectively.In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of HSP70 mRNA.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling was used to detect the apoptosis in hepatic tissue.Results①The numbers of positive cell of HSP70 mRNA expression in the pre-blockage of porta hepatis group,the open of porta hepatis group and the pre-closure of abdominal cavity group was 1.90±0.84,24.4±5.7 and 35.1±5.1 respectively.Differences among these three groups were significant(P<0.05).②The AI(apoptosis index) of hepatic tissue in the pre-blockage of porta hepatis group,the open of porta hepatis group and the pre-closure of abdominal cavity group was(11.4±2.4)‰,(9.8±1.7)‰and(8.6±1.6)‰respectively.AI in the pre-blockage of porta hepatis group was more than that in the open of porta hepatis group and the preclosure of abdominal cavity group(P<0.05).AI in the open of porta hepatis group was more than that in the pre-closure of abdominal cavity group(P<0.05).Conclusions①There is little expression of HSP70 mRNA in the normal hepatic tissue, while there is high expression in hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury(HIRI).It suggests that there is some relationship between HSP70 and HIRI.②In the open of porta heptis group,there is a negative correlation between the increased expression of HSP70 mRNA and the decreased of AI,which suggests HSP70 has an effect on suppressing apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical study on expression of HSP70 mRNA in hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury and its relationship with apoptosis GUO Ya,DUAN Jia-jia,WEN Zhang,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  114-116.  Abstract ( 112 )   Save Objective To detect the response of hepatic tissue to ischemic reperfusion and the relationship between the expression of HSP70 mRNA and apoptosis.And then to provide a theoretical basis for selecting effective pretreatment method,inhibiting apoptosis and reducing the hepatic injury by ischemic reperfusion.Methods liver tissue(10g for each) was taken around incisal margin before the blockage of porta hepatis,the open of porta hepatis and before the closure of abdominal cavity, respectively.In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of HSP70 mRNA.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling was used to detect the apoptosis in hepatic tissue.Results①The numbers of positive cell of HSP70 mRNA expression in the pre-blockage of porta hepatis group,the open of porta hepatis group and the pre-closure of abdominal cavity group was 1.90±0.84,24.4±5.7 and 35.1±5.1 respectively.Differences among these three groups were significant(P<0.05).②The AI(apoptosis index) of hepatic tissue in the pre-blockage of porta hepatis group,the open of porta hepatis group and the pre-closure of abdominal cavity group was(11.4±2.4)‰,(9.8±1.7)‰and(8.6±1.6)‰respectively.AI in the pre-blockage of porta hepatis group was more than that in the open of porta hepatis group and the preclosure of abdominal cavity group(P<0.05).AI in the open of porta hepatis group was more than that in the pre-closure of abdominal cavity group(P<0.05).Conclusions①There is little expression of HSP70 mRNA in the normal hepatic tissue, while there is high expression in hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury(HIRI).It suggests that there is some relationship between HSP70 and HIRI.②In the open of porta heptis group,there is a negative correlation between the increased expression of HSP70 mRNA and the decreased of AI,which suggests HSP70 has an effect on suppressing apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effect and dosage of photodynamic therapy on human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela CHEN Chuang,CHEN Wei,LI Huan-zhong,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  117-120.  Abstract ( 168 )   Save Objective To observe the effect of 5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA) mediated photodynamic therapy(PDT) on human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela,and to investigate the best dosage of PDT.Methods Hela cells were divided into four groups:normal control group,ALA group,PDT group and ALA-PDT group.The cells were treated with different concentration of ALA and/or different dose of PDT.MTT assay was applied to detect the inhibition effect of the treatments on Hela cells.The curves of inhibiting rate were draw and the morphological changes on the cells were observed.Results ALA-PDT could inhibit obviously the growth of Hela cells,while there was no obvious effect on cell growth with other treatments.After treating the cells with ALA-PDT for 12 hours,the sign of cell necrosis was obvious and there were a small number of apoptotic cells.Conclusions The growth of Hela cells is obviously inhibited by ALA-PDT.0.5 mmol/L of ALA and 5J/cm~2 of PDT are the best dosages to kill or damage Hela cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effect and dosage of photodynamic therapy on human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela CHEN Chuang,CHEN Wei,LI Huan-zhong,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  117-120.  Abstract ( 159 )   Save Objective To observe the effect of 5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA) mediated photodynamic therapy(PDT) on human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela,and to investigate the best dosage of PDT.Methods Hela cells were divided into four groups:normal control group,ALA group,PDT group and ALA-PDT group.The cells were treated with different concentration of ALA and/or different dose of PDT.MTT assay was applied to detect the inhibition effect of the treatments on Hela cells.The curves of inhibiting rate were draw and the morphological changes on the cells were observed.Results ALA-PDT could inhibit obviously the growth of Hela cells,while there was no obvious effect on cell growth with other treatments.After treating the cells with ALA-PDT for 12 hours,the sign of cell necrosis was obvious and there were a small number of apoptotic cells.Conclusions The growth of Hela cells is obviously inhibited by ALA-PDT.0.5 mmol/L of ALA and 5J/cm~2 of PDT are the best dosages to kill or damage Hela cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of thymosin beta-10 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance CAO Ji,YANG Chun,Li Li-ping,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  121-123.  Abstract ( 187 )   Save Objective To explore the expression of thymosin beta-10 mRNA in human HCC tissues and its clinical significance. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions(RT-PCR) was employed to determine the expression of thymosin beta-10 mRNA in 70 cases of HCC and the adjacent liver tissues,as well as in 18 normal liver tissues.Results The expression level of thymosin beta-10 mRNA in normal liver tissue(1.30±0.53) and adjacent liver tissue(1.21±0.50) was markedly higher than that in HCC tissues(1.01±0.41,P<0.05).The expression level of thymosin beta-10 mRNA were not significantly different between normal liver tissue and adjacent liver tissue(P>0.05).The expression of thymosin beta-10 in HCC tissue was significantly correlated with the portal vein tumor thrombus,the number and the size of tumor,but not correlated with the clinical stage of the patients,the presence of extrahepatic metastasis,the recurrence of tumor,the level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),and the differentiation of tumor.Conclusion Thymosin beta-10 may play a role in initiation and progression of HCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of thymosin beta-10 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance CAO Ji,YANG Chun,Li Li-ping,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  121-123.  Abstract ( 58 )   Save Objective To explore the expression of thymosin beta-10 mRNA in human HCC tissues and its clinical significance. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions(RT-PCR) was employed to determine the expression of thymosin beta-10 mRNA in 70 cases of HCC and the adjacent liver tissues,as well as in 18 normal liver tissues.Results The expression level of thymosin beta-10 mRNA in normal liver tissue(1.30±0.53) and adjacent liver tissue(1.21±0.50) was markedly higher than that in HCC tissues(1.01±0.41,P<0.05).The expression level of thymosin beta-10 mRNA were not significantly different between normal liver tissue and adjacent liver tissue(P>0.05).The expression of thymosin beta-10 in HCC tissue was significantly correlated with the portal vein tumor thrombus,the number and the size of tumor,but not correlated with the clinical stage of the patients,the presence of extrahepatic metastasis,the recurrence of tumor,the level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),and the differentiation of tumor.Conclusion Thymosin beta-10 may play a role in initiation and progression of HCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effect of RRM1 expression in lung cancer tissues for predict chemotherapeutic effect of Gp YANG Zhi-jian,LIU De-sen,CHEN Fa-long,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  124-126.  Abstract ( 174 )   Save Objective To explore the expression of ribonucleotide reductase subuint M1(RRM1) and its relation to drug-sensitivity and the therapeutic effect of GP(Gemcitabine and Cisplatin) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) .Methods RRM1 expression was tested immunohistochemically on 30 cases ofⅢ_b orⅣstage NSCLC treated with GP.The relationship between RRM1 expression and the chemotherapeutic effect was analyzed.Results The differences of RRM1 expression between the comparable factors such as sex,age,tumor size,pathological type and TNM phase were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The effect rates of GP treatment in RRM1-positive group and RRM1-negative group were 12.5%and 78.5% respectively and the 1-year survival rates in these two groups were 6.3%and 64.3%respectively,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 ).Conclusions There are negative relativity between the level of RRM1 expression and chemotherapeutic effect of GP in NSCLC.Chemotherapeutic effect of GP would be predicted by testing level of RRM1 expression in advanced NSCLC,and the level of RRM1 expression would be helpful for selecting individualized chemotherapeutic program. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effect of RRM1 expression in lung cancer tissues for predict chemotherapeutic effect of Gp YANG Zhi-jian,LIU De-sen,CHEN Fa-long,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  124-126.  Abstract ( 41 )   Save Objective To explore the expression of ribonucleotide reductase subuint M1(RRM1) and its relation to drug-sensitivity and the therapeutic effect of GP(Gemcitabine and Cisplatin) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) .Methods RRM1 expression was tested immunohistochemically on 30 cases ofⅢ_b orⅣstage NSCLC treated with GP.The relationship between RRM1 expression and the chemotherapeutic effect was analyzed.Results The differences of RRM1 expression between the comparable factors such as sex,age,tumor size,pathological type and TNM phase were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The effect rates of GP treatment in RRM1-positive group and RRM1-negative group were 12.5%and 78.5% respectively and the 1-year survival rates in these two groups were 6.3%and 64.3%respectively,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 ).Conclusions There are negative relativity between the level of RRM1 expression and chemotherapeutic effect of GP in NSCLC.Chemotherapeutic effect of GP would be predicted by testing level of RRM1 expression in advanced NSCLC,and the level of RRM1 expression would be helpful for selecting individualized chemotherapeutic program. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study of 6-D setup error in IGRT on esophageal carcinoma XIE Zhi-yuan,WANG Jie-zhong,QU Yi-yan,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  127-129.  Abstract ( 192 )   Save Objective When patients are in radiotherapy,setup errors are unavoidable which may affect the precision for radiotherapy. This study was to analyze the setup errors in radiotherapy on esophageal cancer.Methods Translational errors(X,Y, and Z) and rotational errors(U,V and W) were obtained by using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) in radiotherapy. Patients received a total of 348 CBCT scans after initial setup,re-positioning and radiation delivery.The CBCT images were registered to the planning CT images,and then the setup errors on X,Y,Z,U,V and W degrees were analyzed.Results Setup errors were normal distribution.The systemic±random errors on X,Y,Z,U,V and W axes were(0.85±3.56 ) mm,(1.82±4.00)mm,(-2.31±2.10)mm,(0.59±0.85)°,(0.29±1.30)°and(0.40±0.86)°,respectively.Comparing the initial setup errors,the re-positioning setup errors decreased significantly on all the six axes(P<0.05).Conclusions The setup errors in Y and Z degree are more obviously,while some biggish setup errors exist in rotational errors.Measurement and correction of setup errors before each fraction by using CBCT could help to improve the precision for radiotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study of 6-D setup error in IGRT on esophageal carcinoma XIE Zhi-yuan,WANG Jie-zhong,QU Yi-yan,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  127-129.  Abstract ( 45 )   Save Objective When patients are in radiotherapy,setup errors are unavoidable which may affect the precision for radiotherapy. This study was to analyze the setup errors in radiotherapy on esophageal cancer.Methods Translational errors(X,Y, and Z) and rotational errors(U,V and W) were obtained by using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) in radiotherapy. Patients received a total of 348 CBCT scans after initial setup,re-positioning and radiation delivery.The CBCT images were registered to the planning CT images,and then the setup errors on X,Y,Z,U,V and W degrees were analyzed.Results Setup errors were normal distribution.The systemic±random errors on X,Y,Z,U,V and W axes were(0.85±3.56 ) mm,(1.82±4.00)mm,(-2.31±2.10)mm,(0.59±0.85)°,(0.29±1.30)°and(0.40±0.86)°,respectively.Comparing the initial setup errors,the re-positioning setup errors decreased significantly on all the six axes(P<0.05).Conclusions The setup errors in Y and Z degree are more obviously,while some biggish setup errors exist in rotational errors.Measurement and correction of setup errors before each fraction by using CBCT could help to improve the precision for radiotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparing the difference of contouring parotid based on CT and MRI in NPC patients treated with IMRT CHEN Ju-hui,WU Hai-shan,ZHENG Bu-hong,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  130-133.  Abstract ( 153 )   Save Objective To compare the differences of volume and DVH between the CT-defined and the MRI-defined parotids for intensity modulation radiated therapy(IMRT) planning on 20 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Twenty patients diagnosed NPC from May 2008 to November 2008 were enrolled in this study.They received MRI and CT scan one week before radiotherapy and the images were transmitted to the treatment planning system,where the volume of parotid based on CT or MRI were contoured respectively.After fusing the CT/MRI image by using mutual information method,the difference of the volume between CT-defined and the MRI-defined parotid was evaluated.The IMRT plan was based on CT image, then the difference of DVH between CT-defined and MRI-defined parotid was compared.Results The mean volumes of parotid contoured on CT and on MRI were(24.53±1.96×7.23) cm~3 and(31.75±1.96×12.05) cm~3 respectively,the mean V_(30-CT) and V_(30-MR) were(39.29%±1.96×9.30)%and(47.73%±1.96×9.54)%respectively,and the mean D_(50-CT) and D_(50MR) were(2 716±1.96×220)cGy and(3 000±1.96×339)cGy respectively.Conclusions The contoured volume based on MRI is more accurate than that based on CT.The main difference between them is at the deep leaf of the parotid,parotid duct and subparotid.Contouring the parotid based on CT image would miss some part of the parotid and would influence the accuracy of the V30 and D50 in some cases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparing the difference of contouring parotid based on CT and MRI in NPC patients treated with IMRT CHEN Ju-hui,WU Hai-shan,ZHENG Bu-hong,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  130-133.  Abstract ( 52 )   Save Objective To compare the differences of volume and DVH between the CT-defined and the MRI-defined parotids for intensity modulation radiated therapy(IMRT) planning on 20 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Twenty patients diagnosed NPC from May 2008 to November 2008 were enrolled in this study.They received MRI and CT scan one week before radiotherapy and the images were transmitted to the treatment planning system,where the volume of parotid based on CT or MRI were contoured respectively.After fusing the CT/MRI image by using mutual information method,the difference of the volume between CT-defined and the MRI-defined parotid was evaluated.The IMRT plan was based on CT image, then the difference of DVH between CT-defined and MRI-defined parotid was compared.Results The mean volumes of parotid contoured on CT and on MRI were(24.53±1.96×7.23) cm~3 and(31.75±1.96×12.05) cm~3 respectively,the mean V_(30-CT) and V_(30-MR) were(39.29%±1.96×9.30)%and(47.73%±1.96×9.54)%respectively,and the mean D_(50-CT) and D_(50MR) were(2 716±1.96×220)cGy and(3 000±1.96×339)cGy respectively.Conclusions The contoured volume based on MRI is more accurate than that based on CT.The main difference between them is at the deep leaf of the parotid,parotid duct and subparotid.Contouring the parotid based on CT image would miss some part of the parotid and would influence the accuracy of the V30 and D50 in some cases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical research on cause of pleural fluid after hepatectomy YUAN Wei-ping,TAN Xin-hua. 2009, 1 (02):  134-136.  Abstract ( 168 )   Save Objective To investigate the causes of pleural effusion after hepatectomy.Methods 133 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC) underwent hepatectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study.Results Pleural effusion emerged in 69 cases after hepatectomy.The ratio of cases underwent right hepatectomy especially with dissection of triangulare ligamentum and coronary ligament in pleural effusion group(group G1) was significantly higher than that in no-pleural effusion group(group G2). The volume of effusion after operation in group G1 was larger than that in group G2.The postoperative hepatic function was much better in group G2 than that in group G1.There was no statistically significant different between the two groups concerning the factors such as preoperative hepatic function,volume of bleeding,obstructive time of portal vein and size of tumor.Conclusions Complicated pleural effusion after hepatectomy is mainly related to operative site,postoperative hepatic function and dissection of peri-hepatic ligaments.The main causes of pleural effusion are the dissection of right hepatic ligaments and damage of diaphragm during operation.Maintenance of fine hepatic function before and after operation,careful dissection of peri-hepatic ligaments and avoiding damage on diaphragm may help to reduce the incidence of postoperative pleural effusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical research on cause of pleural fluid after hepatectomy YUAN Wei-ping,TAN Xin-hua. 2009, 1 (02):  134-136.  Abstract ( 71 )   Save Objective To investigate the causes of pleural effusion after hepatectomy.Methods 133 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC) underwent hepatectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study.Results Pleural effusion emerged in 69 cases after hepatectomy.The ratio of cases underwent right hepatectomy especially with dissection of triangulare ligamentum and coronary ligament in pleural effusion group(group G1) was significantly higher than that in no-pleural effusion group(group G2). The volume of effusion after operation in group G1 was larger than that in group G2.The postoperative hepatic function was much better in group G2 than that in group G1.There was no statistically significant different between the two groups concerning the factors such as preoperative hepatic function,volume of bleeding,obstructive time of portal vein and size of tumor.Conclusions Complicated pleural effusion after hepatectomy is mainly related to operative site,postoperative hepatic function and dissection of peri-hepatic ligaments.The main causes of pleural effusion are the dissection of right hepatic ligaments and damage of diaphragm during operation.Maintenance of fine hepatic function before and after operation,careful dissection of peri-hepatic ligaments and avoiding damage on diaphragm may help to reduce the incidence of postoperative pleural effusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The imageology diagnosis on recurrence and metastasis of primary liver cancer after liver transplantation HE Qiang~1,WANG Xiao-lan~1,WANG Zai-guo~2 et al. 2009, 1 (02):  137-138.  Abstract ( 158 )   Save Objective To explore the imageology Methodsfor diagnosing recurrence and metastasis of primary liver cancer after liver transplantation.Methods Eighteen patients with liver transplantation were regularly examined through B-US,CT,chest X-Ray and ECT.The values of AFP were detected at the same time.The values of the examine Methodson diagnosing the recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer were evaluated.Results There were 12 patients with intrahepatic recurrence and/or extra-hepatic metastasis,which included 7 cases of intrahepatic recurrence,5 cases of lung metastasis,3 cases of bone metastasis,1 case of brain metastasis and 1 case of kidney metastasis.All of these recurrence and metastasis lesions were detected by B-US,CT,chest X-Ray and ECT in time.Conclusions With the imageology Methodssuch as B-US,CT,chest X-Ray and ECT,combined with patient ' s history and AFP value,diagnosis on metastasis and recurrence of liver cancer after liver transplantation can be achieved in time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The imageology diagnosis on recurrence and metastasis of primary liver cancer after liver transplantation HE Qiang~1,WANG Xiao-lan~1,WANG Zai-guo~2 et al. 2009, 1 (02):  137-138.  Abstract ( 79 )   Save Objective To explore the imageology Methodsfor diagnosing recurrence and metastasis of primary liver cancer after liver transplantation.Methods Eighteen patients with liver transplantation were regularly examined through B-US,CT,chest X-Ray and ECT.The values of AFP were detected at the same time.The values of the examine Methodson diagnosing the recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer were evaluated.Results There were 12 patients with intrahepatic recurrence and/or extra-hepatic metastasis,which included 7 cases of intrahepatic recurrence,5 cases of lung metastasis,3 cases of bone metastasis,1 case of brain metastasis and 1 case of kidney metastasis.All of these recurrence and metastasis lesions were detected by B-US,CT,chest X-Ray and ECT in time.Conclusions With the imageology Methodssuch as B-US,CT,chest X-Ray and ECT,combined with patient ' s history and AFP value,diagnosis on metastasis and recurrence of liver cancer after liver transplantation can be achieved in time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical study on biodegradable anastomosis ring used in colon operation LI Zhi-yong~1,LIAN Qi-pin~1,LI Jia-xing~2,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  139-141.  Abstract ( 122 )   Save Objective To valuate the biodegradable anastomosis ring(BAR) in colon carcinoma operation by means of prospective study.Methods 69 cases of colon carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups.Among them,33 cases underwent intestine anastomosis with BAR in operation(BAR group),and another 36 cases underwent traditional manual anastomosis(TMA group).The operation time for the intestinal anastomosis,the postoperative complication and the result of follow-up colonoscopy from the two groups were compared.Results There was no death in both groups after operation and all cases were cured to discharge from hospital.The operation time for intestinal anastomosis in BAR group was obviously shorter than that in TMA group.The postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding and pulmonary infection were obviously less in BAR group than that in TMA group.The period of bowel function recovery was shorter in BAR group than that in TMA group.There was no anastomotic leak in BAR group while two cases in TMA group.The follow-up colonoscopy 3-6 months after operation showed the incidences of anastomotic stenosis,ulcer,inflammation and granuloma were obviously less in BAR group than that in TMA group.All the differences between the two groups mentioned above were statistically significant(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusions Application of BAR in colon cancer surgery has the advantages of simple,good efficiency and less postoperative complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical study on biodegradable anastomosis ring used in colon operation LI Zhi-yong~1,LIAN Qi-pin~1,LI Jia-xing~2,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  139-141.  Abstract ( 84 )   Save Objective To valuate the biodegradable anastomosis ring(BAR) in colon carcinoma operation by means of prospective study.Methods 69 cases of colon carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups.Among them,33 cases underwent intestine anastomosis with BAR in operation(BAR group),and another 36 cases underwent traditional manual anastomosis(TMA group).The operation time for the intestinal anastomosis,the postoperative complication and the result of follow-up colonoscopy from the two groups were compared.Results There was no death in both groups after operation and all cases were cured to discharge from hospital.The operation time for intestinal anastomosis in BAR group was obviously shorter than that in TMA group.The postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding and pulmonary infection were obviously less in BAR group than that in TMA group.The period of bowel function recovery was shorter in BAR group than that in TMA group.There was no anastomotic leak in BAR group while two cases in TMA group.The follow-up colonoscopy 3-6 months after operation showed the incidences of anastomotic stenosis,ulcer,inflammation and granuloma were obviously less in BAR group than that in TMA group.All the differences between the two groups mentioned above were statistically significant(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusions Application of BAR in colon cancer surgery has the advantages of simple,good efficiency and less postoperative complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Phase I clinical trial of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at high T stage treated with 5-FU continued infusion for 120 hours through superficial temporal artery REN Pei-rong,WU Jing-bo,HE Li-jia,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  142-144.  Abstract ( 105 )   Save Objective To determine the maximum tolerated dose of 5-Flouruorail(5-FU) via superficial temporal arterial infusion for the patients with T3/T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods A total of 29 patients were enrolled in this study.They were treated with 5-FU plus Cisplatin.A chemotherapy cycle was designed as 21 days and all patients were treated for 2 cycles. 5-FU was administrated by pump infusion for continuous 120-hour via superficial temporal arterial.The maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU was determined by testing increasing doses on different groups of patient until the highest dose with acceptable side effects was found.Cisplatin was infused via superficial temporal artery(20mg/m~2 /d,d1-5) for all the patients.Results 5-FU induced oral mucositis in all patients.Of the 29 patients,1 patient experienced gradeⅠmucositis in group 200mg/m~2;12 patients experienced gradeⅡmucositis which included 5 in group 200mg/m~2,5 in group 300mg/m~2 and 2 in group 350mg/ m~2; 11 patients experienced gradeⅢmucositis which included 1 in group 300mg/m~2,3 in group 350mg/m~2,5 in group 400mg/m~2 and 2 in group 450mg/m~2;5 patients experienced gradeⅣmucositis which included 3 in group 450mg/m~2 and 2 in group 500mg/m~2.Five patients experienced oral mucosal pain.For the primary tumor,2 cases achieved complete remission(CR),25 achieved partial remission(PR) and 2 presented stable disease(SD),in which the overall response rate(CR + PR) was 93% .For the neck lymph nodes,the cases of CR,PR and SD were 1,16 and 0 respectively,the rest 12 were neck-node-negative,in which the CR + PR was 100%.Conclusions Superficial temporal arterial infusion with 5-FU for T_3/T_4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma is well tolerated.The maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU is 350mg/m~2. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Phase I clinical trial of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at high T stage treated with 5-FU continued infusion for 120 hours through superficial temporal artery REN Pei-rong,WU Jing-bo,HE Li-jia,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  142-144.  Abstract ( 73 )   Save Objective To determine the maximum tolerated dose of 5-Flouruorail(5-FU) via superficial temporal arterial infusion for the patients with T3/T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods A total of 29 patients were enrolled in this study.They were treated with 5-FU plus Cisplatin.A chemotherapy cycle was designed as 21 days and all patients were treated for 2 cycles. 5-FU was administrated by pump infusion for continuous 120-hour via superficial temporal arterial.The maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU was determined by testing increasing doses on different groups of patient until the highest dose with acceptable side effects was found.Cisplatin was infused via superficial temporal artery(20mg/m~2 /d,d1-5) for all the patients.Results 5-FU induced oral mucositis in all patients.Of the 29 patients,1 patient experienced gradeⅠmucositis in group 200mg/m~2;12 patients experienced gradeⅡmucositis which included 5 in group 200mg/m~2,5 in group 300mg/m~2 and 2 in group 350mg/ m~2; 11 patients experienced gradeⅢmucositis which included 1 in group 300mg/m~2,3 in group 350mg/m~2,5 in group 400mg/m~2 and 2 in group 450mg/m~2;5 patients experienced gradeⅣmucositis which included 3 in group 450mg/m~2 and 2 in group 500mg/m~2.Five patients experienced oral mucosal pain.For the primary tumor,2 cases achieved complete remission(CR),25 achieved partial remission(PR) and 2 presented stable disease(SD),in which the overall response rate(CR + PR) was 93% .For the neck lymph nodes,the cases of CR,PR and SD were 1,16 and 0 respectively,the rest 12 were neck-node-negative,in which the CR + PR was 100%.Conclusions Superficial temporal arterial infusion with 5-FU for T_3/T_4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma is well tolerated.The maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU is 350mg/m~2. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effect of comprehensive treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer WEI Yan,GONG Jian-zhong,ZHAO Shan-lin,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  145-147.  Abstract ( 94 )   Save Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of comprehensive treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC),and the tolerability of patients.Methods From February 2003 to July 2005,patients with locally advanced NPC were initially treated with one cycles of induction chemotherapy with PF program(DDP 30mg/m~2·day,continuous infusion on days 1～3;5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m~2·day,continuous infusion on days 1～5;21 days as a cycl e). The conventional radical radiotherapy started 3～7 days after one cycle of PF induction chemotherapy program,and followed by three cycles of PF chemotherapy program.The clinical efficacy and tolerability of the patients were observed.Results the complete remission rates of nasopharyngeal primary lesions at 3 and 6 months after the treatment were 95.6%and 95.6%respectively, and the complete remission rates of neck lymph node were 93.3%and 97.8%respectively.The 3-year overall rate was 80% and disease-free survival rate was 73.3%.The main toxic side effects were gradeⅠ～Ⅱgastrointestinal reaction,gradeⅠ～Ⅱmyelosuppression and gradeⅠ～Ⅱoral mucositis.All the patients were well tolerated.Conclusions The clinical efficacy of induction chemotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in treating locally advanced NPC is quite satisfactory.The toxicity can be tolerated well and the treatment compliance is good. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effect of comprehensive treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer WEI Yan,GONG Jian-zhong,ZHAO Shan-lin,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  145-147.  Abstract ( 72 )   Save Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of comprehensive treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC),and the tolerability of patients.Methods From February 2003 to July 2005,patients with locally advanced NPC were initially treated with one cycles of induction chemotherapy with PF program(DDP 30mg/m~2·day,continuous infusion on days 1～3;5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m~2·day,continuous infusion on days 1～5;21 days as a cycl e). The conventional radical radiotherapy started 3～7 days after one cycle of PF induction chemotherapy program,and followed by three cycles of PF chemotherapy program.The clinical efficacy and tolerability of the patients were observed.Results the complete remission rates of nasopharyngeal primary lesions at 3 and 6 months after the treatment were 95.6%and 95.6%respectively, and the complete remission rates of neck lymph node were 93.3%and 97.8%respectively.The 3-year overall rate was 80% and disease-free survival rate was 73.3%.The main toxic side effects were gradeⅠ～Ⅱgastrointestinal reaction,gradeⅠ～Ⅱmyelosuppression and gradeⅠ～Ⅱoral mucositis.All the patients were well tolerated.Conclusions The clinical efficacy of induction chemotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in treating locally advanced NPC is quite satisfactory.The toxicity can be tolerated well and the treatment compliance is good. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preliminary result from cinobufacin combined with radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma LIANG Ping~1,MENG Fu-bin~2,WANG Hong-qian~2. 2009, 1 (02):  148-150.  Abstract ( 175 )   Save Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of cinobufacin combined with radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods 68 NPC patients from May 2003 to May 2005 were assigned randomly into the study group and control group.Both groups were treated with the same radiotherapy,but the treatment in study group was combined with cinobufacin. Acute side effects of radiotherapy were assessed according to the RTOG(radiation therapy oncology group) standard,and the curative effects were evaluated at the end of the treatment and at the third month after treatment Results At the end of treatment,the local response rates in the study group and the control group were 85.29%(29/34) and 73.53%(25/34) respectfully, the difference between the two groups was not significant(x~2=0.810,P = 0.368).But the result from further analysis on the patients with the responses more than partial remission showed the complete remission rates of lymph node metastasis in study group and control group were 69.0%and 45.6%respectively at the end of treatment(P =0.0627),and 52.0%and 82.8%respectively at the third month after treatment(x~2 =4.549,P = 0.0329).The side effects of acute skin-mucosal that serious more than grade 2 was significantly different(x~2 =6.472,P =0.039) between the study group(10 cases) and control group(21 cases).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on skin response,platelet and hemoglobin decreases.Conclusions Cinobufacin can enhance the control rate of lymph node metastasis and reduce the incidence of acute side effects of radiotherapy.Further follow-up study on its long-term effect is necessary. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preliminary result from cinobufacin combined with radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma LIANG Ping~1,MENG Fu-bin~2,WANG Hong-qian~2. 2009, 1 (02):  148-150.  Abstract ( 64 )   Save Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of cinobufacin combined with radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods 68 NPC patients from May 2003 to May 2005 were assigned randomly into the study group and control group.Both groups were treated with the same radiotherapy,but the treatment in study group was combined with cinobufacin. Acute side effects of radiotherapy were assessed according to the RTOG(radiation therapy oncology group) standard,and the curative effects were evaluated at the end of the treatment and at the third month after treatment Results At the end of treatment,the local response rates in the study group and the control group were 85.29%(29/34) and 73.53%(25/34) respectfully, the difference between the two groups was not significant(x~2=0.810,P = 0.368).But the result from further analysis on the patients with the responses more than partial remission showed the complete remission rates of lymph node metastasis in study group and control group were 69.0%and 45.6%respectively at the end of treatment(P =0.0627),and 52.0%and 82.8%respectively at the third month after treatment(x~2 =4.549,P = 0.0329).The side effects of acute skin-mucosal that serious more than grade 2 was significantly different(x~2 =6.472,P =0.039) between the study group(10 cases) and control group(21 cases).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on skin response,platelet and hemoglobin decreases.Conclusions Cinobufacin can enhance the control rate of lymph node metastasis and reduce the incidence of acute side effects of radiotherapy.Further follow-up study on its long-term effect is necessary. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect analysis of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy on recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma ZHONC Wei-ming. 2009, 1 (02):  151-152.  Abstract ( 105 )   Save Objective To investigate the effect and prognostic factors of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3-DCRT) on recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods 56 cases of recurrent NPC were treated by 3-DCRT.The radiation dose was 50～70Gy for 36～52d,with the median of 64Gy for 44d.Results The follow-up time for all cases was over three years.The 3-year survival rate,tumor-free survival rate and nasopharyngeal local control rate were 48.2%,44.6%and 53.6%,respectively. The cases with recurrence time longer than two years and the cases at stage T_2 had a better 3-year survival rate and local control rate.The cases treated with radiation dose over 60Gy had a better 3-year survival rate and local control rate than that with dose less than 60Gy.Conclusions 3-DCRT is an effective treatment for recurrent NPC.The recurrent time,clinical stage and radiation dose are the prognostic factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect analysis of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy on recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma ZHONC Wei-ming. 2009, 1 (02):  151-152.  Abstract ( 96 )   Save Objective To investigate the effect and prognostic factors of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3-DCRT) on recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods 56 cases of recurrent NPC were treated by 3-DCRT.The radiation dose was 50～70Gy for 36～52d,with the median of 64Gy for 44d.Results The follow-up time for all cases was over three years.The 3-year survival rate,tumor-free survival rate and nasopharyngeal local control rate were 48.2%,44.6%and 53.6%,respectively. The cases with recurrence time longer than two years and the cases at stage T_2 had a better 3-year survival rate and local control rate.The cases treated with radiation dose over 60Gy had a better 3-year survival rate and local control rate than that with dose less than 60Gy.Conclusions 3-DCRT is an effective treatment for recurrent NPC.The recurrent time,clinical stage and radiation dose are the prognostic factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analyses of 55 cases of liver cancer treated with 3-dimentional conformal radiotherapy CHEN Na,LIN Jing,LIU Xiu-ying,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  153-154.  Abstract ( 103 )   Save Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of 3-dimentional conformal radiotherapy(3-DCRT) on the patients with primary or secondary liver cancer.Method 55 patients with primary or secondary liver cancer from November 1998 to December 2007 were treated with 3-DCRT.The total doses were DT45-60Gy/15-30F/3-6w,and the V_(30) of normal liver tissue was<33%. Results of 55 patients,there were 6(10.9%) patients with CR,26(47.3%) with PR,15(27.3%) with NC and 8(14.5%) with PD.The total effective rate(CR + PR) was 58.2%.The one-,two- and three-year survival rates were 67.3%(37/55), 34.9%(15/43) and 23.3%(7/30),respectively.Conclusions 3-DCRT is effective and safe for the patients with liver cancer, and its side effect is slight. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analyses of 55 cases of liver cancer treated with 3-dimentional conformal radiotherapy CHEN Na,LIN Jing,LIU Xiu-ying,et al. 2009, 1 (02):  153-154.  Abstract ( 72 )   Save Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of 3-dimentional conformal radiotherapy(3-DCRT) on the patients with primary or secondary liver cancer.Method 55 patients with primary or secondary liver cancer from November 1998 to December 2007 were treated with 3-DCRT.The total doses were DT45-60Gy/15-30F/3-6w,and the V_(30) of normal liver tissue was<33%. Results of 55 patients,there were 6(10.9%) patients with CR,26(47.3%) with PR,15(27.3%) with NC and 8(14.5%) with PD.The total effective rate(CR + PR) was 58.2%.The one-,two- and three-year survival rates were 67.3%(37/55), 34.9%(15/43) and 23.3%(7/30),respectively.Conclusions 3-DCRT is effective and safe for the patients with liver cancer, and its side effect is slight. References | Related Articles | Metrics